甘露糖基化的聚酰胺-胺型(PAMAM)G2树枝状大分子介导依法韦仑的速率编程递送,以靶向储库中的HIV病毒潜伏感染。

Mannosylated PAMAM G2 dendrimers mediated rate programmed delivery of efavirenz target HIV viral latency at reservoirs.

作者信息

Kharwade Rohini, Kazi Mohsin, Mahajan Nilesh, Badole Payal, More Sachin, Kayali Asaad, Noushad Javed Md, Kaleem Mohammed

机构信息

Department of Pharmaceutics, Dadasaheb Balpande College of Pharmacy, Besa, Nagpur, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, MS, India.

Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

出版信息

Saudi Pharm J. 2024 Oct;32(10):102154. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102154. Epub 2024 Aug 13.

Abstract

In this current research, we conceptualized a novel nanotechnology-enabled synthesis approach of targeting HIV-harboring tissues via second-generation (G2) polyamidoamine (PAMAM) mannosylated (MPG2) dendrimers for programmed delivery of anti-HIV drugs efavirenz (EFV) and ritonavir (RTV). Briefly, here mannose served purpose of ligand in this EFV and RTV-loaded PAMAM G2 dendrimers, synthesized by divergent techniques, denoted as MPG2ER. The developed nanocarriers were characterized by different analytical tools FTIR, NMR, zeta potential, particle size, and surface morphology. The results of confocal microscopy showed substantial alterations in the morphology of H9 cells, favored by relatively higher drug uptake through the MPG2ER. Interestingly, the drug uptake study and cytotoxicity assay of MPG2ER demonstrated that it showed no significant toxicity up to 12.5 µM. A typical flow cytometry histogram also revealed that MPG2ER efficiently internalized both drugs, with an increase in drug uptake of up to 81.2 %. It also enhanced the plasma pharmacokinetics of EFV, with C7.68 μg/ml, AUC of 149.19 (μg/ml) * hr, and MRT of 26.87 hrs. Subsequently, tissue pharmacokinetics further evidence that MPG2ER accumulated more in distant Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir tissues, such as the lymph nodes and spleen, but without exhibiting significant toxicity. Abovementioned compelling evidences strongly favored translational roles of MPG2 as a potential therapeutic strategy in the clinical eradication of HIV from viral reservoir tissue.

摘要

在当前这项研究中,我们构思了一种新型的纳米技术合成方法,通过第二代(G2)聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)甘露糖基化(MPG2)树枝状大分子靶向携带HIV的组织,用于抗HIV药物依法韦仑(EFV)和利托那韦(RTV)的程序性递送。简而言之,在此,甘露糖在通过发散技术合成的这种负载EFV和RTV的PAMAM G2树枝状大分子中充当配体,记为MPG2ER。所开发的纳米载体通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振(NMR)、zeta电位、粒径和表面形态等不同分析工具进行表征。共聚焦显微镜结果显示H9细胞形态发生了显著变化,这得益于MPG2ER相对更高的药物摄取。有趣的是,MPG2ER的药物摄取研究和细胞毒性测定表明,在浓度高达12.5 μM时它没有显示出明显的毒性。一个典型的流式细胞术直方图还显示,MPG2ER有效地内化了两种药物,药物摄取增加高达81.2%。它还提高了EFV的血浆药代动力学,Cmax为7.68 μg/ml,AUC为149.19(μg/ml)*小时,平均驻留时间(MRT)为26.87小时。随后,组织药代动力学进一步证明MPG2ER在远处的人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)储存组织(如淋巴结和脾脏)中积累更多,但没有表现出明显的毒性。上述令人信服的证据有力地支持了MPG2作为一种潜在治疗策略在从病毒储存组织临床根除HIV方面的转化作用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/f178/11399684/6f20f2abdaf5/gr1.jpg

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