Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2024 Nov;193:115004. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.115004. Epub 2024 Sep 14.
Chloropropanols have been identified as processing-induced food contaminants that occur as by-products of the manufacturing of refined food oils and hydrolyzed vegetable protein. There has been a paucity of research on the 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD) isomer, thus forming a data gap for regulatory risk assessment. Previous studies suggest 2-MCPD causes adverse cardiotoxic, nephrotoxic, and myotoxic effects, but were inconclusive for hazard identification; thus a dose-response OECD TG-408-compliant study was conducted by Health Canada. Our study profiled the effects of 2-MCPD on oxylipins and oxidized phosphatidylcholines, using HPLC-MS/MS, in heart, kidney, serum, and skeletal muscle of male and female F344 rats orally exposed to 2-MCPD (40 mg/kg BW/d) for 90 days. Cardiac n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-derived oxylipins, particularly DHA-derived oxylipins, were lower with 2-MCPD exposure, coincident with cardiac lesions. Lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins were decreased in the serum with a greater effect in the male 2-MCPD treatment group. Few oxylipin alterations were seen in the kidney and there was an absence of alterations in the tibialis anterior. Oxidized phosphatidylcholines and isoprostanes were not altered in this study, indicating that oxidative stress was not elevated by 2-MCPD. These findings add to the weight of the evidence for 2-MCPD toxicity and support the use of serum oxylipins as potential biomarkers of 2-MCPD exposure.
氯丙醇已被确定为加工过程中产生的食品污染物，它们是精制食用油和水解植物蛋白制造过程中的副产品。关于 2-单氯丙二醇（2-MCPD）异构体的研究很少，因此在监管风险评估方面存在数据空白。先前的研究表明，2-MCPD 会引起不良的心脏毒性、肾脏毒性和肌肉毒性作用，但对危害识别尚无定论；因此，加拿大卫生部进行了一项符合 OECD TG-408 标准的 2-MCPD 剂量反应研究。我们的研究使用 HPLC-MS/MS profiling 了 2-MCPD 对雄性和雌性 F344 大鼠心脏、肾脏、血清和骨骼肌中环氧化合物和氧化磷脂的影响，这些大鼠经口暴露于 2-MCPD（40mg/kg BW/d）90 天。心脏 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸衍生的环氧化合物，特别是 DHA 衍生的环氧化合物，随着 2-MCPD 的暴露而降低，与心脏病变一致。脂氧合酶衍生的环氧化合物在血清中减少，雄性 2-MCPD 处理组的影响更大。在肾脏中观察到的环氧化合物变化很少，在比目鱼肌中则没有变化。在这项研究中，氧化磷脂和异前列烷没有改变，表明 2-MCPD 没有引起氧化应激。这些发现增加了 2-MCPD 毒性的证据，并支持使用血清环氧化合物作为 2-MCPD 暴露的潜在生物标志物。
