Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Blok B5 & B6, Kompleks NIH, No. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, Shah Alam, 40170, Selangor, Malaysia.
Sector for Biostatistics & Data Repository, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Kompleks NIH, No. 1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, Shah Alam, 40170, Selangor, Malaysia.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Sep 16;24(1):2513. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19993-7.
There has been a significant increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Malaysia. It is important to identify the group at high risk of CVD. This study aimed to assess the population distribution and factors associated with 10-year CVD risk among adults aged 40 to 74 years in Malaysia.
This study used secondary data from the NHMS 2019, a nationally representative cross-sectional population study. The following measurements were collected: anthropometric, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, smoking, and sociodemographic. The 2019 WHO Southeast Asia laboratory-based charts were used to estimate individuals' CVD risk. These charts predict significant cardiovascular events over ten years. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to ascertain the factors that are linked to elevated or extremely elevated risk of CVD.
A total of 5,503 respondents were included in the analysis. Less than one-quarter of the respondents were current smokers and obese. Approximately 41.7%, 30.9%, and 22.5% of the participants had extremely low risk (less than 5%), low risk (between 5% and less than 10%), and moderate risk (between 10% and less than 20%), respectively. A total of 4.9% of the participants were categorised as having high (20% to < 30%) or very high (CVD) risk (≥ 30%). This classification was more prevalent among males (7.3%) than among females (2.5%; p < 0.001). The factors associated with high/very high CVD risk were unemployment (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.47-2.40), those with non-formal and primary education level (aOR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.36 - 4.12 and aOR = 3.28, 95% CI = 2.10 - 5.12, respectively), and being physically inactive with obesity (aOR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.18 - 4.08).
This study revealed that almost 5% of the population in Malaysia has a high 10-year CVD risk. These findings highlight Malaysia's urgent need for comprehensive CVD prevention efforts.
马来西亚心血管疾病（CVD）的发病率显著增加。识别高危 CVD 人群非常重要。本研究旨在评估马来西亚 40 至 74 岁成年人的 CVD 10 年风险的人群分布和相关因素。
本研究使用了 2019 年全国健康与医学调查（NHMS 2019）的二级数据，这是一项具有全国代表性的横断面人群研究。收集了以下测量值：人体测量、收缩压、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、吸烟情况和社会人口统计学数据。使用 2019 年世界卫生组织东南亚基于实验室的图表来估计个体的 CVD 风险。这些图表预测了未来十年内的重大心血管事件。采用多因素逻辑回归分析确定与 CVD 风险升高或极高升高相关的因素。
共有 5503 名受访者纳入分析。不到四分之一的受访者是当前吸烟者和肥胖者。大约 41.7%、30.9%和 22.5%的参与者处于极低风险（低于 5%）、低风险（5%至低于 10%）和中风险（10%至低于 20%）。共有 4.9%的参与者被归类为具有高风险（20%至 <30%）或极高风险（CVD）（≥30%）。这种分类在男性（7.3%）中比女性（2.5%；p<0.001）更为常见。与高/极高 CVD 风险相关的因素包括失业（优势比[aOR] = 1.88，95%置信区间 [CI] = 1.47-2.40）、非正规和小学教育水平（aOR = 2.36，95%CI = 1.36-4.12 和 aOR = 3.28，95%CI = 2.10-5.12）以及身体活动不足合并肥胖（aOR = 2.19，95%CI = 1.18-4.08）。
本研究表明，马来西亚近 5%的人口存在高 CVD 10 年风险。这些发现突显了马来西亚迫切需要全面的 CVD 预防措施。
