Department of Community Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Abuja, Nigeria.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020 Mar 31;20(1):154. doi: 10.1186/s12872-020-01438-9.
Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have continued to ravage the human existence through the premature deaths of its workforce. Despite this burden, many studies in Nigeria have focused on determining the prevalence of risk factors which alone are insufficient to assess the risk of future cardiovascular events. Therefore, we determined the pattern and predictors of 10-year risk for CVDs in South-western Nigeria.
We conducted a cross-sectional study among workers at the local government areas (LGAs) of Oyo State. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, we recruited 260 respondents from the LGA secretariats. A pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered to obtain information on the socio-demographics and behavioural attributes. Lipid analysis, anthropometric, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose measurements were done using standard protocols. The respondents' CVD risk was assessed using WHO prediction chart. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25; bivariate analysis was done using Chi-square and binary logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of 10-year risk for CVDs at 5% level of significance.
The mean age of respondents was 46.0 + 6.7 years. The proportion of respondents with good knowledge of risk factors was 57.7%. The prevalence of CVD risk factors were as follows: systolic hypertension (29.6%), visceral obesity (35.8%), diabetes mellitus (18.8%), smoking (5.8%), elevated total cholesterol (55.4%) and physical inactivity (84.6%). The proportion of respondents with low, moderate and high risk of developing CVDs within 10 years was 76.9, 8.5 and 14.6% respectively. Respondents with age ≥ 40 years (aOR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.3-8.5), management cadre (aOR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.6-9.6), obesity (aOR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.2-120), abnormal waist circumference (aOR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.3-5.2) and physical inactivity (aOR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.2-4.7) were associated with the higher likelihood of developing CVDs.
About one-sixth of the respondents had high risk of developing CVDs within the next 10 years and it is likely that it will reduce the productivity of the State. Lifestyle modification and early detection of risk factors through regular screening programmes for those with high CVD risk is therefore recommended.
在全球范围内，心血管疾病 (CVDs) 通过其劳动力的过早死亡继续严重影响着人类的生存。尽管面临着这种负担，尼日利亚的许多研究仍侧重于确定风险因素的流行率，而这些风险因素本身不足以评估未来心血管事件的风险。因此，我们确定了尼日利亚西南部 10 年内 CVD 发病风险的模式和预测因素。
我们在奥约州地方政府区 (LGA) 的工作人员中进行了一项横断面研究。我们采用多阶段抽样技术，从 LGA 秘书处招募了 260 名受访者。使用经过预测试的、由访谈者管理的问卷，获取社会人口统计学和行为属性的信息。使用标准方案进行脂质分析、人体测量、血压、空腹血糖测量。使用世界卫生组织预测图表评估受访者的 CVD 风险。使用 IBM SPSS 版本 25 进行数据分析；使用卡方检验进行单变量分析，使用二元逻辑回归识别 CVD 10 年风险的预测因素，置信水平为 5%。
受访者的平均年龄为 46.0±6.7 岁。对风险因素有良好了解的受访者比例为 57.7%。CVD 风险因素的患病率如下：收缩期高血压（29.6%）、内脏肥胖（35.8%）、糖尿病（18.8%）、吸烟（5.8%）、总胆固醇升高（55.4%）和身体活动不足（84.6%）。在未来 10 年内发生 CVD 风险低、中、高的受访者比例分别为 76.9%、8.5%和 14.6%。年龄≥40 岁的受访者（优势比 [OR] = 2.6，95%置信区间 [CI] = 1.3-8.5）、管理层级（OR = 3.8，95%CI = 1.6-9.6）、肥胖（OR = 4.8，95%CI = 1.2-120）、异常腰围（OR = 2.8，95%CI = 1.3-5.2）和身体活动不足（OR = 2.4，95%CI = 1.2-4.7）与更高的 CVD 发病可能性相关。
大约六分之一的受访者在未来 10 年内有发生 CVD 的高风险，这可能会降低该州的生产力。因此，建议通过定期的 CVD 高危筛查计划，对那些有 CVD 高风险的人进行生活方式的改变和早期风险因素的检测。
