Qi Lingli, Wang Zhichao, Huang Xinxing, Gao Xiuzhu
Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, China.
Department of Surgery, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 23;10(17):e36524. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36524. eCollection 2024 Sep 15.
The collapse of immune homeostasis induces type 1 diabetes (T1D). In T1D, uncontrolled immune attacks against islet β cells reduce insulin secretion, resulting in hyperglycaemia and various complications. Type 1 regulatory (Tr1) cell therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of T1D. Tr1 cells are a subset of regulatory T (Treg) cells that are characterised by high interleukin-10 secretion and forkhead box protein P3 non-expression. Tr1 cells are reduced and have impaired function in patients with T1D. Immunotherapy is used to treat various diseases, and Treg cells have been applied to treat T1D in animal models and clinical trials. However, the safety and efficacy of Tr1 cells in treating diabetes and other diseases remain unclear. In this review, we aim to investigate the identification and biological function of Tr1 cells and related studies on immune diseases; additionally, we discuss the feasibility, limitations, and possible solutions of Tr1 cell therapy in T1D. This review shows that T1D is caused by an immune imbalance where defective Tr1 cells fail to control effector T cells, leading to the destruction of islet β cells. However, Tr1 cell therapy is safe and effective for other immune diseases, suggesting its potential for treating T1D.
免疫稳态的崩溃会诱发1型糖尿病（T1D）。在T1D中，针对胰岛β细胞的不受控制的免疫攻击会减少胰岛素分泌，导致高血糖症和各种并发症。1型调节性（Tr1）细胞疗法是治疗T1D的一种有前景的方法。Tr1细胞是调节性T（Treg）细胞的一个亚群，其特征是白细胞介素-10分泌高且叉头框蛋白P3不表达。T1D患者体内的Tr1细胞数量减少且功能受损。免疫疗法用于治疗各种疾病，Treg细胞已被应用于动物模型和临床试验中治疗T1D。然而，Tr1细胞在治疗糖尿病和其他疾病中的安全性和有效性仍不清楚。在本综述中，我们旨在研究Tr1细胞的鉴定和生物学功能以及免疫疾病的相关研究；此外，我们还讨论了Tr1细胞疗法在T1D中的可行性、局限性和可能的解决方案。本综述表明，T1D是由免疫失衡引起的，其中有缺陷的Tr1细胞无法控制效应T细胞，导致胰岛β细胞被破坏。然而，Tr1细胞疗法对其他免疫疾病是安全有效的，这表明其在治疗T1D方面具有潜力。
