Jayaprabakar J, Dawn S S, Anish M, Giri Jayant, Sudhakar K, Alarfaj Abdullah A, Guru Ajay
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India.
Centre of Excellence for Energy Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 31;10(17):e37118. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37118. eCollection 2024 Sep 15.
Diversion of oil sources for biodiesel production has been gaining importance to meet the environmental concerns and energy demand. The free fatty acid (FFA) content of the feedstock is a significant factor in biodiesel production. The FFA values determine the complexity of the biodiesel production. Until date, an experimental procedure has been used to determine the FFA concentration of an oil source; this method is dependent on titration, which is a laborious process involving significant volumes of chemicals. Hence, in the present study, an attempt was made to develop a device for the identification of FFA of the oils. Waste cooking oil samples subjected to wide range of cooking conditions like cooking time, temperature, type of food are collected from different food outlets. Subsequently, the composition of oil samples and the variation in their quality were analysed using gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC - FID). Biodiesel is prepared from the oil samples through transesterification and the impact of FFA and their respective methyl esters in the quality and properties have been investigated. The properties of biodiesel were determined as per ASTM standards. The study was further extended to correlate the properties of biodiesel with the composition of the oil from which it was derived. The analysis evidently proved the dependence of biodiesel properties on the FFA percentage and the composition of the oil. The results have been further substantiated with the performance and emission characteristics of internal combustion engine fuelled with the prepared biodiesel samples.
为满足环境关切和能源需求，将油源转用于生物柴油生产变得越来越重要。原料中的游离脂肪酸（FFA）含量是生物柴油生产中的一个重要因素。FFA值决定了生物柴油生产的复杂性。到目前为止，一直采用实验程序来测定油源中的FFA浓度；这种方法依赖于滴定，这是一个繁琐的过程，需要大量化学试剂。因此，在本研究中，尝试开发一种用于识别油中FFA的装置。从不同的食品店收集了经过广泛烹饪条件（如烹饪时间、温度、食物类型）处理的废食用油样品。随后，使用气相色谱火焰离子化检测器（GC - FID）分析油样的组成及其质量变化。通过酯交换反应从油样中制备生物柴油，并研究了FFA及其各自甲酯对生物柴油质量和性能的影响。按照ASTM标准测定生物柴油的性能。该研究进一步扩展，以关联生物柴油的性能与其所源自的油的组成。分析明显证明了生物柴油性能对FFA百分比和油的组成的依赖性。用所制备的生物柴油样品为燃料的内燃机的性能和排放特性进一步证实了这些结果。
