Liu Yanling, He Han, Wang Siqi, Li Xiangwei, Su Shenwan, Xu Jin
College of Traffic and Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China.
Shenzhen General Integrated Transportation and Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, 518003, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 28;10(17):e37090. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37090. eCollection 2024 Sep 15.
To explore the effect of interchange spacing on drivers' visual characteristics in the merging areas of interchange, a high-density group of five interchanges on the expressway of Chongqing, China, was selected as the test site. An naturalistic driving test was conducted with 47 participants, and the Tobii Glasses II portable eye tracker was used to collect gaze data during driving. The drivers' fixation field was divided into six areas by applying a K-means dynamic clustering algorithm combined with the actual scenario. Markov chains were used to calculate the drivers' gaze transition probability matrices under different driving conditions, and the analysis of gaze transition behaviors was directed at common spacing interchanges, small spacing interchanges, and composite interchanges. Under the ramp-mainline condition, drivers' fixations were primarily concentrated on the near ahead and the left side areas, with higher rates of repeated fixations on the left rearview mirror and left-side line areas. The average value of fixation duration, saccade distance, and saccade speed of small spacing interchange is higher than common spacing interchange. Additionally, under the mainline condition, the probability of one-step transition and repeated fixation rates significantly increased for the right-side lane areas, and the average values of fixation index and saccade index of small spacing interchange are lower than those of common spacing interchange. The results show that the highest probabilities of repeated fixation by drivers occurred in the near ahead and far ahead areas in the interchange merging areas. Insufficient spacing resulted in more frequent occurrences of zero values in one-step transition probability matrices. The research conclusions provide theoretical support for the optimal design and safe operation of the merging area of high-density interchange group of urban expressway.
为探究互通式立交间距对互通式立交合流区驾驶员视觉特性的影响，选取了中国重庆高速公路上的一组包含五个互通式立交的高密度互通式立交作为试验场地。对47名参与者进行了自然驾驶测试，并使用Tobii Glasses II便携式眼动仪在驾驶过程中收集注视数据。结合实际场景，采用K均值动态聚类算法将驾驶员的注视区域划分为六个区域。利用马尔可夫链计算不同驾驶条件下驾驶员的注视转移概率矩阵，并针对普通间距互通式立交、小间距互通式立交和复合式互通式立交进行注视转移行为分析。在匝道 - 主线条件下，驾驶员的注视主要集中在正前方和左侧区域，在左后视镜和左侧车道线区域的重复注视率较高。小间距互通式立交的注视持续时间、扫视距离和扫视速度的平均值高于普通间距互通式立交。此外，在主线条件下，右侧车道区域的一步转移概率和重复注视率显著增加，小间距互通式立交的注视指数和扫视指数的平均值低于普通间距互通式立交。结果表明，驾驶员重复注视概率最高的区域出现在互通式立交合流区的正前方和远方区域。间距不足导致一步转移概率矩阵中零值出现的频率更高。研究结论为城市高速公路高密度互通式立交组合流区的优化设计和安全运营提供了理论支持。
