Consoli Valeria, Sorrenti Valeria, Gulisano Maria, Spampinato Mariarita, Vanella Luca
Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy.
CERNUT - Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2025 Mar;480(3):1495-1518. doi: 10.1007/s11010-024-05119-5. Epub 2024 Sep 17.
Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with diverse subtypes and complex molecular mechanisms underlying its development and progression. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in breast cancer research, with a focus on classification, molecular pathways, and the role of heme oxygenases (HO), heme metabolism implications, and therapeutic innovations. The classification of breast cancer subtypes based on molecular profiling has significantly improved diagnosis and treatment strategies, allowing for tailored approaches to patient care. Molecular studies have elucidated key signaling pathways and biomarkers implicated in breast cancer pathogenesis, shedding light on potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Notably, emerging evidence suggests a critical role for heme oxygenases, particularly HO-1, in breast cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, highlighting the importance of understanding heme metabolism in cancer biology. Furthermore, this review highlights recent advances in breast cancer therapy, including targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and novel drug delivery systems. Understanding the complex interplay between breast cancer subtypes, molecular pathways, and innovative therapeutic approaches is essential for improving patient outcomes and developing more effective treatment strategies in the fight against breast cancer.
乳腺癌仍然是一项重大的全球健康挑战，其发展和进展背后存在多种亚型和复杂的分子机制。本综述全面审视了乳腺癌研究的最新进展，重点关注分类、分子途径以及血红素加氧酶（HO）的作用、血红素代谢影响和治疗创新。基于分子谱分析的乳腺癌亚型分类显著改善了诊断和治疗策略，从而能够为患者提供个性化的护理方法。分子研究已经阐明了与乳腺癌发病机制相关的关键信号通路和生物标志物，为治疗干预的潜在靶点提供了线索。值得注意的是，新出现的证据表明血红素加氧酶，特别是HO-1，在乳腺癌进展和治疗耐药中起关键作用，凸显了理解癌症生物学中血红素代谢的重要性。此外，本综述强调了乳腺癌治疗的最新进展，包括靶向治疗、免疫治疗和新型药物递送系统。了解乳腺癌亚型、分子途径和创新治疗方法之间的复杂相互作用对于改善患者预后以及制定更有效的治疗策略以对抗乳腺癌至关重要。
