School of Education, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.
Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.
Emerg Top Life Sci. 2023 Dec 22;7(5):513-524. doi: 10.1042/ETLS20230110.
This review systematically assesses the impact of sleep on memory and cognition in healthy individuals across different life stages. It specifically examines how sleep affects memory processes in children, adults, and older adults. The methodology involved a comprehensive literature search, starting with 46 known papers. Keywords and Mesh terms related to sleep and memory consolidation were derived using the Word Frequency Analysis tool in SR Accelerator and Mesh on Demand. A detailed search on PubMed yielded a large set of records. Classifier training on 4854 decisions, these were narrowed down to 1437 papers for full-text screening, culminating in 19 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Sleep enhances memory consolidation, especially for complex declarative information. While the role of sleep in procedural memory consolidation in children remains less robust compared to declarative memory, findings suggest potential but inconsistent benefits. Sleep improves prospective memory consolidation and aids in complex associative memory tasks. Memory reactivation during sleep, specifically slow-wave sleep, and spindles are implicated in memory consolidation. Meta-analytic evidence suggests that while sleep benefits both emotional and neutral memory consolidation, there is no strong preferential effect of sleep on emotional memory in comparison to neutral memory. In older adults, there is a noticeable reduction in sleep-dependent memory consolidation, particularly for declarative memory, likely linked to a decline in slow-wave sleep. This suggests a decrease in the benefits of sleep for memory consolidation with aging. Overall, the review underscores the importance of sleep in memory processes across all ages, highlighting variations in its impact on different types of memory and across age groups. It points to future research directions for enhancing understanding and practical applications in clinical and educational settings.
这篇综述系统评估了睡眠对不同生命阶段健康个体的记忆和认知的影响。特别考察了睡眠如何影响儿童、成人和老年人的记忆过程。方法包括全面的文献检索，首先使用 SR Accelerator 中的 Word Frequency Analysis 工具和 Mesh on Demand 生成与睡眠和记忆巩固相关的关键字和 MeSH 术语。在 PubMed 上进行详细搜索，得到了大量的记录。在 4854 个决策上进行分类器训练，将这些决策缩小到 1437 篇进行全文筛选，最终得出 19 篇系统评价和荟萃分析。睡眠可增强记忆巩固，特别是对复杂的陈述性信息。虽然与陈述性记忆相比，睡眠在儿童程序性记忆巩固中的作用不太明显，但研究结果表明睡眠可能有一定但不一致的益处。睡眠可改善前瞻性记忆巩固，并有助于复杂的联想记忆任务。睡眠期间的记忆再激活，特别是慢波睡眠和纺锤波，与记忆巩固有关。荟萃分析证据表明，尽管睡眠有利于情绪和中性记忆的巩固，但与中性记忆相比，睡眠对情绪记忆没有明显的偏好效应。在老年人中，与睡眠依赖的记忆巩固相关的记忆显著减少，特别是陈述性记忆，可能与慢波睡眠的减少有关。这表明随着年龄的增长，睡眠对记忆巩固的益处减少。总的来说，该综述强调了睡眠在所有年龄段的记忆过程中的重要性，突出了其对不同类型记忆和不同年龄组的影响的差异。它为未来在临床和教育环境中增强理解和应用提供了研究方向。
