Kim Yeji, Han Kyungdo, Kim Jae Hui
Department of Ophthalmology, Kim's Eye Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2024 Sep 17:1-9. doi: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2399345.
To investigate the association between the retinal vascular occlusion and vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
This nationwide population-based cohort study included 2,742,065 individuals aged ≥ 20 years who were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 from March 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021, and unvaccinated individuals matched at a ratio of approximately 1:10 by gender and age, all without a history of retinal vascular occlusion. The occurrence of retinal vascular occlusion was observed up to 60 days after the 1st vaccination date in the vaccination group, while 60 days from January 1, 2021, in the non-vaccination group. The risk of developing retinal vascular occlusion was compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects. Risks were also compared among the different types of vaccines.
Vaccination lowered the risk of retinal vascular occlusion, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64-0.99; = 0.039). For individuals aged < 40 years, the vaccination lowered the risk of retinal vascular occlusion occurrence significantly compared with those over the age of 40 (OR, 0.35 for age 20-39, 0.83 for age 40-64, 0.81 for age ≥ 65; P for interaction = 0.028). There was a significant difference in the ORs for retinal vascular occlusion among the four vaccine types ( < 0.001).
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination did not increase the risk of retinal vascular occlusion. However, the risk levels differed depending on the type of vaccine used. Considering the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, it is imperative to conduct additional assessments of the recently introduced vaccines.
探讨视网膜血管阻塞与严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗接种之间的关联。
这项基于全国人群的队列研究纳入了2,742,065名年龄≥20岁的个体，他们在2021年3月1日至2021年12月31日期间接种了SARS-CoV-2疫苗，以及按性别和年龄以约1:10的比例匹配的未接种疫苗个体，所有个体均无视网膜血管阻塞病史。在接种组中，观察首次接种日期后60天内视网膜血管阻塞的发生情况，而在未接种组中观察从2021年1月1日起60天内的情况。比较接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的受试者发生视网膜血管阻塞的风险。还比较了不同类型疫苗之间的风险。
接种疫苗降低了视网膜血管阻塞的风险，优势比（OR）为0.80（95%置信区间（CI），0.64 - 0.99；P = 0.039）。对于年龄<40岁的个体，与40岁以上的个体相比，接种疫苗显著降低了视网膜血管阻塞发生的风险（20 - 39岁的OR为0.35，40 - 64岁的OR为0.83，≥65岁的OR为0.81；交互作用P = 0.028）。四种疫苗类型之间视网膜血管阻塞的OR存在显著差异（P<0.001）。
SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种并未增加视网膜血管阻塞的风险。然而，风险水平因所用疫苗类型而异。考虑到SARS-CoV-2疫苗的不断演变，对最近推出的疫苗进行额外评估势在必行。
