Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Malta.
Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove). 2024;67(1):1-11. doi: 10.14712/18059694.2024.13.
Ovarian carcinosarcoma, also referred as malignant mixed Mullerian tumour, is an uncommon, highly aggressive and malignant neoplasm which makes up 1 to 4% of all ovarian tumours. It is biphasic involving both malignant sarcomatous (mesenchymal) and carcinomatous (epithelial) cells. There are various subtypes such as serous and endometrioid. However, the mesenchymal part is sarcomatous. About 90% of cases of ovarian carcinosarcoma spread outside the ovary. The two most accepted theories of origin for carcinosarcoma of the ovary are the collision and conversion theories. A third theory is the combination theory. Prognosis remains poor even when still localised in the ovary. In the last few years, there has been no change in the survival rate. The median survival rate is lower than 2 years. Clinical features mainly include lower abdominal pain and a palpable abdominal mass. Ovarian carcinosarcoma remains poorly understood and understudied. Being a rare tumour, elaborate therapeutic consensus is not available for ovarian carcinosarcoma. The main treatment involves cytoreductive surgery and then chemotherapy. The type of chemotherapy, role of radiotherapy and novel therapies need to be further studied. The main objective of this article is to review the current literature on carcinosarcoma of the ovary.
卵巢癌肉瘤，也称为恶性混合性苗勒管肿瘤，是一种罕见的、高度侵袭性和恶性肿瘤，占所有卵巢肿瘤的 1%至 4%。它是双相的，涉及恶性肉瘤（间质）和癌性（上皮）细胞。有各种亚型，如浆液性和子宫内膜样。然而，间质部分是肉瘤。约 90%的卵巢癌肉瘤病例会扩散到卵巢以外。卵巢癌肉瘤最被接受的两种起源理论是碰撞和转化理论。第三种理论是结合理论。即使局限在卵巢内，预后仍然很差。在过去的几年中，生存率没有变化。中位生存期低于 2 年。临床特征主要包括下腹痛和可触及的腹部肿块。卵巢癌肉瘤仍然知之甚少，研究不足。由于是一种罕见肿瘤，对于卵巢癌肉瘤还没有详细的治疗共识。主要治疗方法包括肿瘤细胞减灭术和化疗。需要进一步研究化疗类型、放疗的作用和新疗法。本文的主要目的是回顾卵巢癌肉瘤的现有文献。
