Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, USU, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Appetite. 2024 Dec 1;203:107677. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107677. Epub 2024 Sep 15.
Food cravings during pregnancy are highly common, yet no measure of cravings has been validated among pregnant women. The current study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Food Craving Inventory (FCI) for use during pregnancy. U.S. military active-duty Service women (N = 192; 29.5 ± 3.8 years old; 44% Army, 36% Air Force, 15% Navy, and 4% Marine Corps) were recruited from the community at 12-27 weeks' gestation. Participants completed a modified version of the FCI validated for adults with binge-eating disorder, which included 13 additional items assessing cravings for foods that women commonly report experiencing during pregnancy (e.g., pickles, sour cream, hot or spicy wings). Additional measures also assessed disinhibited eating behaviors (i.e., loss of control eating and emotional eating). A series of confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine model fit for a four-factor structure of: (1) the FCI validated for binge-eating disorder (excluding the pregnancy-oriented food items) and (2) the FCI modified for pregnancy (with the pregnancy-oriented food items added). The previously validated four-factor structure of the FCI for binge-eating disorder demonstrated poor model fit in the current sample of pregnant women. After examining the structure of the FCI modified for pregnancy, several items were removed due to high cross-loading across multiple subscales. The resulting 16-item, four-factor (Fats, Sweets, Carbohydrates, Spicy/Strong foods) FCI for pregnancy (FCI-P) demonstrated generally good model fit (CFI = .95, TLI = .94, SRMR = .04, RMSEA = .09) and good-to-excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alphas: .83-.96). Convergent validity was supported by significant correlations between the FCI-P scores and the disinhibited eating behavior scores (ps < .001). Results highlight the importance of psychometrically evaluating eating-related measures for use during pregnancy to appropriately capture the potentially unique experiences of the perinatal period.
怀孕期间的食物渴望是非常常见的，但针对孕妇的食物渴望测量方法尚未得到验证。本研究评估了食物渴望量表（FCI）在怀孕期间使用的心理测量学特性。从社区招募了 192 名美国现役军人（29.5±3.8 岁；44%陆军、36%空军、15%海军和 4%海军陆战队），招募时间为妊娠 12-27 周。参与者完成了经成人暴食障碍验证的 FCI 修正版，该版本包括 13 项额外的评估女性在怀孕期间经常经历的食物渴望的项目（例如，泡菜、酸奶油、辣或辣鸡翅）。其他措施还评估了抑制进食行为（即失控进食和情绪性进食）。进行了一系列验证性因子分析，以检验以下四个因素结构的模型拟合度：（1）用于暴食障碍的 FCI 验证（不包括面向妊娠的食物项目）和（2）用于妊娠的 FCI 修正（添加了面向妊娠的食物项目）。在当前的孕妇样本中，用于暴食障碍的 FCI 先前验证的四因素结构模型拟合度较差。在检查了妊娠修正的 FCI 结构后，由于多个子量表之间的高交叉负荷，一些项目被删除。由此产生的 16 项、四因素（脂肪、甜食、碳水化合物、辣/强食物）妊娠 FCI（FCI-P）表现出一般良好的模型拟合度（CFI=0.95，TLI=0.94，SRMR=0.04，RMSEA=0.09）和良好至优秀的内部一致性（Cronbach's alphas：0.83-0.96）。FCI-P 评分与抑制进食行为评分之间存在显著相关性（p<0.001），这支持了收敛效度。研究结果强调了在怀孕期间评估与饮食相关的测量方法的心理测量学重要性，以适当捕捉围产期的潜在独特体验。
