Dabravolski Siarhei A, Sukhorukov Vasily N, Glanz Victor Y, Pleshko Elizaveta M, Orekhov Nikolay A, Orekhov Alexander N
Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude Academic College of Engineering, Snunit 51, P.O. Box 78, Karmiel, 2161002, Israel.
Petrovsky Russian National Center of Surgery, 2 Abrikosovsky Lane, 119991- Moscow, Russia.
Curr Med Chem. 2024 Sep 16. doi: 10.2174/0109298673316025240829105311.
Foam cells play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, a condition marked by the development and growth of plaques that narrow blood vessel lumens. This narrowing can prevent normal blood flow and, in severe cases, lead to plaque rupture and blood clot formation, which can cause stroke or myocardial infarction. The origin of foam cells is diverse, arising from monocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, stem/progenitor cells, and dendritic and endothelial cells. In their attempt to eliminate excess lipoproteins and cholesterol, foam cells inadvertently contribute to plaque development and rupture. Cholesterol uptake, efflux, and esterification are the major processes regulating foam cell formation. Advances in technology, such as the identification of cell-surface markers for lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing, have unveiled diverse molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of foam cells from different origins, offering new insights into plaque formation and potential targets for anti-foam cell therapies. In this review, we focus on recent studies exploringthe inhibitory effects of medicinal plants and their bioactive components on foam cell formation. Various mechanisms are explored, including the inhibition of cholesterol uptake and the up-regulation of cholesterol efflux, as well as the suppression of inflammatory and adhesion activities. Emphasizing a cellular target-based therapeutic approach, this review envisions the development of innovative plant-based medications for atherosclerosis treatment.
泡沫细胞在动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展中起着关键作用，动脉粥样硬化是一种以血管腔狭窄的斑块形成和生长为特征的病症。这种狭窄会阻碍正常的血液流动，在严重情况下，会导致斑块破裂和血栓形成，进而引发中风或心肌梗死。泡沫细胞的来源多种多样，可源自单核细胞、血管平滑肌细胞、干/祖细胞以及树突状细胞和内皮细胞。在试图清除多余的脂蛋白和胆固醇时，泡沫细胞无意间促进了斑块的形成和破裂。胆固醇摄取、流出和酯化是调节泡沫细胞形成的主要过程。技术的进步，如用于谱系追踪的细胞表面标志物的鉴定和单细胞RNA测序，揭示了不同来源的泡沫细胞形成过程中涉及的多种分子机制，为斑块形成和抗泡沫细胞治疗的潜在靶点提供了新的见解。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注近期探索药用植物及其生物活性成分对泡沫细胞形成抑制作用的研究。探讨了各种机制，包括抑制胆固醇摄取、上调胆固醇流出，以及抑制炎症和黏附活性。本综述强调基于细胞靶点的治疗方法，展望开发用于治疗动脉粥样硬化的创新植物源药物。
