Liu Pei, Liu Jianbo, Li Yi, Lu Jianping
State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shenzhen, China.
Front Psychol. 2024 Sep 3;15:1408396. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1408396. eCollection 2024.
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a worldwide mental health problem that deserves thorough investigation. This study aims to explore the effect of parenting styles, attachment to parents, and self-compassion on the occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior in adolescents and whether these factors influence their recovery motivation.
A total of 132 adolescents who had engaged in NSSI within the last year and 72 adolescents who had never engaged in NSSI were recruited from the Shenzhen Kangning Hospital and from primary and secondary schools and communities. Differences in the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Egma Minn av. Bardndosnauppforstran (EMBU), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) of participants were compared. A binary logistic model was established to measure the odds ratios of these variables on the occurrence of NSSI. In the NSSI adolescent sample, separate binary logistic models were created with NSSI impulse inhibition, NSSI resistance activity, and NSSI recovery motivation as dependent variables and with parenting styles, attachment to parents, and self-compassion as independent variables.
Compared with adolescents with no NSSI behavior, those who had engaged in NSSI within the past year had higher scores on the HAMD, as well as higher EMBU-negative father parental behavior (punishment, excessive interference, rejection, and overprotection), EMBU-negative mother parental behavior (excessive interference, rejection, and punishment), and SCS negative self-compassion scores. Moreover, adolescents with NSSI had lower EMBU-father emotional warmth, EMBU-mother emotional warmth, IPPA-attachment to father, IPPA-attachment to mother, and SCS positive self-compassion scores. Current depressive symptoms and maternal punishment are risk factors for NSSI in adolescents, while positive self-compassion was a protective factor. Positive self-compassion can positively predict NSSI impulse inhibition, NSSI resistance activity, and NSSI recovery motivation. However, we unexpectedly found that the father's emotional warmth negatively predicts NSSI resistance activity.
This study found that positive self-compassion has a significant impact on the prevention of and recovery from NSSI behavior in adolescents.
非自杀性自伤（NSSI）是一个全球性的心理健康问题，值得深入研究。本研究旨在探讨父母教养方式、与父母的依恋关系以及自我同情对青少年非自杀性自伤（NSSI）行为发生的影响，以及这些因素是否会影响他们的康复动机。
从深圳市康宁医院以及中小学和社区招募了132名在过去一年中有过NSSI行为的青少年和72名从未有过NSSI行为的青少年。比较了参与者在汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、父母与同伴依恋量表（IPPA）、父母教养方式问卷（EMBU）和自我同情量表（SCS）上的差异。建立二元逻辑模型来衡量这些变量对NSSI发生的比值比。在有NSSI行为的青少年样本中，分别建立以NSSI冲动抑制、NSSI抵抗行为和NSSI康复动机为因变量，以父母教养方式、与父母的依恋关系和自我同情为自变量的二元逻辑模型。
与没有NSSI行为的青少年相比，过去一年中有过NSSI行为的青少年在HAMD上得分更高，在EMBU中父亲的消极教养行为（惩罚、过度干涉、拒绝和过度保护）、母亲的消极教养行为（过度干涉、拒绝和惩罚）以及SCS消极自我同情得分也更高。此外，有NSSI行为的青少年在EMBU中父亲的情感温暖、母亲的情感温暖、IPPA中与父亲的依恋、IPPA中与母亲的依恋以及SCS积极自我同情得分较低。当前的抑郁症状和母亲的惩罚是青少年NSSI的危险因素，而积极的自我同情是保护因素。积极的自我同情可以正向预测NSSI冲动抑制、NSSI抵抗行为和NSSI康复动机。然而，我们意外地发现父亲的情感温暖对NSSI抵抗行为有负向预测作用。
本研究发现积极的自我同情对青少年NSSI行为的预防和康复有显著影响。
