National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China.
Food Funct. 2024 Sep 30;15(19):10121-10135. doi: 10.1039/d4fo01241k.
: The mandatory folic acid fortification program in the United States has inevitably exposed most Americans to both natural folate and synthetic folic acid. We aim to examine the association of dietary folate co-exposure patterns with biological aging indicators. : A total of 18 889 participants were enrolled from 2003 to 2018. Dietary intake of folate from diverse sources was evaluated by 24-hour dietary recall. Biological aging indicators were developed based on age-related clinical indicators, including the phenotypic age (PA), Klemera-Doubal method (KDM), homeostatic dysregulation (HD), and allostatic load (AL). The unsupervised -means clustering method, logistic regression model, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression model were used to explore the relationship of natural folate and synthetic folic acid co-exposure with biological aging indicators. : The results indicated that higher intake of total folate, dietary folate, and food natural folate was associated with lower PA [OR = 0.75 (0.64, 0.88); OR = 0.79 (0.70, 0.90); OR = 0.65 (0.57, 0.75)], KDM [OR = 0.63 (0.53, 0.75); OR = 0.80 (0.65, 0.98); OR = 0.62 (0.49, 0.77)], HD [OR = 0.69 (0.56, 0.84); OR = 0.78 (0.67, 0.92); OR = 0.78 (0.68, 0.90)], and AL [OR = 0.69 (0.58, 0.82); OR = 0.73 (0.63, 0.85); OR = 0.74 (0.62, 0.90)], consistently. Four co-exposure patterns were generated based on the intake of folate from diverse sources, as follows: "low folate exposure group" to cluster 1, "dietary folate exposure group" to cluster 2, "mixed source high folate exposure group" to cluster 3, and "mixed source excessive folate exposure group" to cluster 4. Compared with cluster 1, participants in cluster 2 are associated with lower biological age indicators (OR = 0.82 [0.72, 0.93]; OR = 0.58 [0.47, 0.70]; OR = 0.85 [0.75, 0.97]; OR = 0.87 [0.77, 0.98]), while participants in cluster 3 and cluster 4 are not. : For individuals subjected to folic acid fortification programs, a higher intake of dietary folate, especially natural folate, coupled with a lower consumption of folic acid supplements, was found to be associated with lower biological age indicators.
美国强制叶酸强化计划不可避免地使大多数美国人同时摄入天然叶酸和合成叶酸。我们旨在研究饮食叶酸共暴露模式与生物老化指标的关系。
共有 18889 名参与者于 2003 年至 2018 年入选。通过 24 小时膳食回忆评估来自各种来源的叶酸的饮食摄入量。根据与年龄相关的临床指标，包括表型年龄（PA）、Klemera-Doubal 方法（KDM）、体内平衡失调（HD）和全身负荷（AL），开发了生物老化指标。采用无监督均值聚类法、逻辑回归模型和限制立方样条（RCS）回归模型探讨天然叶酸和合成叶酸共暴露与生物老化指标的关系。
结果表明，总叶酸、膳食叶酸和食物天然叶酸摄入量较高与 PA 降低相关[OR=0.75（0.64，0.88）；OR=0.79（0.70，0.90）；OR=0.65（0.57，0.75）]、KDM [OR=0.63（0.53，0.75）；OR=0.80（0.65，0.98）；OR=0.62（0.49，0.77）]、HD [OR=0.69（0.56，0.84）；OR=0.78（0.67，0.92）；OR=0.78（0.68，0.90）]和 AL [OR=0.69（0.58，0.82）；OR=0.73（0.63，0.85）；OR=0.74（0.62，0.90）]，一致。根据从各种来源摄入的叶酸，共生成 4 种共暴露模式，如下所示：“低叶酸暴露组”聚为 1 簇，“膳食叶酸暴露组”聚为 2 簇，“混合源高叶酸暴露组”聚为 3 簇，“混合源过量叶酸暴露组”聚为 4 簇。与簇 1 相比，簇 2 中的参与者与较低的生物年龄指标相关（OR=0.82[0.72，0.93]；OR=0.58[0.47，0.70]；OR=0.85[0.75，0.97]；OR=0.87[0.77，0.98]），而簇 3 和簇 4 的参与者并非如此。
对于接受叶酸强化计划的个体，发现较高的膳食叶酸摄入，尤其是天然叶酸摄入，加上较低的叶酸补充剂消费，与较低的生物年龄指标相关。
