Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, United States of America.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2024 Sep 18;19(9):e0307720. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307720. eCollection 2024.
Females are at greatest risk for reinjury after return to sport (RTS) following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). The reasons for these sex differences, however, remain unclear. Psychological factors such as kinesiophobia have been identified as a potential predictor for reinjury following RTS. Studies investigating kinesiophobia have identified sex differences, yet whether this holds in the ACLR population remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there are sex differences in kinesiophobia and other psychological factors, such as readiness to RTS and self-reported pain in the ACLR population. A total of 20 participants, eleven males (23.0 ± 8.4 years, 178.9 ± 7.6 cm, 76.8 ± 10.4 kg) and 9 females (19.6 ± 5.3 years, 165.1 ± 4.0 cm, 73.2 ± 25.0 kg) voluntarily participated in this study. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11), Anterior Cruciate Ligament Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) scale, and self-reported pain using a visual analog scale (VAS) were administered after clearance for RTS (10.5 ± 2.3 months post-ACLR). Statistical significance was set a priori at p<0.05. A significant difference between sexes was observed for the ACL-RSI with males reporting a significantly higher score (92.82±16.16) compared to females (77.0±15.54; p = 0.040). There were no significant differences between sexes for VAS for pain (males = 4.55 ± 6.50; females = 1.22 ± 3.31; p = 0.228) and TSK-11 (males = 18.73 ± 3.17; females = 19.67 ± 4.61; p = 0.596). The results of this study demonstrated males had significantly higher ACL-RSI scores than females, suggesting males may have higher psychological readiness following clearance for RTS. This study did not demonstrate significant differences between sexes for kinesiophobia or pain level. Caution in interpretation of results is warranted due to the small sample size, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
女性在 ACL 重建（ACLR）后重返运动（RTS）时再次受伤的风险最大。然而，这些性别差异的原因仍不清楚。运动恐惧等心理因素已被确定为 RTS 后再次受伤的潜在预测因素。研究运动恐惧的研究已经确定了性别差异，但这在 ACLR 人群中是否存在仍然未知。本研究旨在检查 ACLR 人群中是否存在运动恐惧和其他心理因素（如 RTS 准备情况和自我报告的疼痛）的性别差异。共有 20 名参与者，11 名男性（23.0 ± 8.4 岁，178.9 ± 7.6cm，76.8 ± 10.4kg）和 9 名女性（19.6 ± 5.3 岁，165.1 ± 4.0cm，73.2 ± 25.0kg）自愿参加了这项研究。在 ACLR 后获得 RTS 许可后（ACLR 后 10.5 ± 2.3 个月），使用 Tampa 运动恐惧量表（TSK-11）、前交叉韧带损伤后重返运动（ACL-RSI）量表和自我报告的疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）进行评估。统计显著性预先设定为 p<0.05。男女之间在 ACL-RSI 上存在显著差异，男性报告的得分（92.82±16.16）明显高于女性（77.0±15.54；p = 0.040）。男女之间 VAS 疼痛（男性=4.55 ± 6.50；女性=1.22 ± 3.31；p = 0.228）和 TSK-11（男性=18.73 ± 3.17；女性=19.67 ± 4.61；p = 0.596）无显著差异。本研究结果表明，男性的 ACL-RSI 评分明显高于女性，这表明男性在获得 RTS 许可后可能具有更高的心理准备。本研究没有表明性别之间在运动恐惧或疼痛水平上存在显著差异。由于样本量小，结果的解释需要谨慎，这突出表明需要在该领域进行进一步研究。
