Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Centre for Economic Demography, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Public Health. 2024 Nov;236:315-321. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.08.013. Epub 2024 Sep 17.
The objective of this study was to provide novel comparative insights on the contributions of injury deaths to the changes in sex gaps in life expectancy (SGLE) and sex gaps in life disparity (SGLD) across Nordic countries.
Retrospective demographic analysis of aggregated mortality data.
To compute life expectancy (LE)/life disparity (LD), annual data on age- and sex-specific causes of death from the World Health Organization mortality database were used to construct abridged life tables for two periods: 2000-2002 and 2016-2018 (2014-2016 for Norway). The contributions of injury deaths to the changes in the SGLE and SGLD between these two periods were decomposed by age and cause using a continuous-change model.
Females' LE and LD advantages due to injury deaths narrowed by 0.16-0.44 (0.06-0.35) years for LE (LD) over time. While self-inflicted injuries consistently played a predominant role in contributing to the SGLE/SGLD in all countries in both periods, in all countries but Finland, transport accidents had the greatest contributions to the narrowing SGLE/SGLD. Widening SGLE due to self-inflicted injuries in Iceland and due to falls in Sweden were unique to these countries. Accounting for >20% of total contributions of injury deaths, the age group of 20-24 years had the greatest contributions to the narrowing SGLE/SGLD. Deaths due to falls in older ages and assault in younger ages generally contributed to the widening SGLE/SGLD.
Injury deaths, particularly transport accidents, contributed significantly to the narrowing SGLE and SGLD across Nordic countries, with cross-country variations in age- and cause-specific patterns. The results suggest the need for injury prevention policies targeting self-inflicted injuries in younger and falls in older males.
本研究旨在提供关于伤害死亡对北欧国家预期寿命性别差距（SGLE）和生命差距性别差距（SGLD）变化的新的比较见解。
回顾性人口分析综合死亡率数据。
为了计算预期寿命（LE）/生命差距（LD），使用世界卫生组织死亡率数据库中关于年龄和性别特定死因的年度数据来构建两个时期的简化生命表：2000-2002 年和 2016-2018 年（挪威为 2014-2016 年）。使用连续变化模型，根据年龄和死因对这两个时期 SGLE 和 SGLD 变化的伤害死亡贡献进行分解。
由于伤害死亡，女性 LE 和 LD 的优势缩小了 0.16-0.44 年（LE 为 0.06-0.35 年）。虽然自残在两个时期所有国家的 SGLE/SGLD 中一直起着主要作用，但在除芬兰以外的所有国家中，交通意外对缩小 SGLE/SGLD 的贡献最大。冰岛因自残导致 SGLE 扩大和瑞典因跌倒导致 SGLE 扩大是这两个国家所特有的。占伤害死亡总贡献的 20%以上，20-24 岁年龄组对缩小 SGLE/SGLD 的贡献最大。老年人跌倒和年轻人袭击导致的死亡一般会导致 SGLE/SGLD 扩大。
伤害死亡，特别是交通意外，对北欧国家 SGLE 和 SGLD 的缩小做出了重大贡献，具有年龄和病因特异性模式的跨国差异。结果表明，需要针对年轻男性的自残和老年男性的跌倒制定伤害预防政策。
