School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12R5CP, Ireland.
Eur J Pharm Sci. 2024 Dec 1;203:106911. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106911. Epub 2024 Sep 16.
An emerging concern globally, particularly in developed countries, is the rising prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease. Oral delivery technologies that can release the active therapeutic cargo specifically at selected sites of inflammation offer great promise to maximise treatment outcomes and minimise off-target effects. Therapeutic strategies for IBD have expanded in recent years, with an increasing focus on biologic and nucleic acid-based therapies. Reliable site-specific delivery in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is particularly crucial for these therapeutics to ensure sufficient concentrations in the targeted cells. Ingestible smart capsules hold great potential for precise drug delivery. Despite previous unsuccessful endeavours to commercialise drug delivery smart capsules, the current rise in demand and recent advancements in component development, manufacturing, and miniaturisation have reignited interest in ingestible devices. Consequently, this review analyses the advancements in various mechanical and electrical components associated with ingestible smart drug delivery capsules. These components include modules for device localisation, actuation and retention within the GI tract, signal transmission, drug release, power supply, and payload storage. Challenges and constraints associated with previous capsule design functionality are presented, followed by a critical outlook on future design considerations to ensure efficient and reliable site-specific delivery for the local treatment of GI disorders.
一个新兴的全球性关注问题，特别是在发达国家，是炎症性肠病（IBD）的发病率上升，如克罗恩病。能够将活性治疗有效负载专门递送到选定炎症部位的口服递药技术为最大限度地提高治疗效果和最小化非靶向效应提供了巨大的前景。近年来，IBD 的治疗策略不断扩展，越来越关注基于生物和核酸的治疗方法。这些治疗方法在胃肠道（GI）中可靠的部位特异性递药特别重要，以确保在靶向细胞中达到足够的浓度。可摄入的智能胶囊在精确药物递送上具有巨大的潜力。尽管以前在商业上开发药物递送智能胶囊的努力并不成功，但目前对需求的增加以及组件开发、制造和小型化方面的最新进展重新激发了对可摄入设备的兴趣。因此，本综述分析了与可摄入智能药物递送胶囊相关的各种机械和电气组件的进展。这些组件包括用于设备在 GI 道内定位、启动和保留的模块、信号传输、药物释放、电源和有效负载存储。介绍了与以前胶囊设计功能相关的挑战和限制，然后对未来设计考虑因素进行了批判性展望，以确保用于 GI 疾病局部治疗的高效和可靠的部位特异性递药。
