Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education/School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education/School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Comprehensive Management and Resource Development, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Dec 1;362:124981. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124981. Epub 2024 Sep 16.
The migration of heavy metals into aquatic ecosystems is a concern for the safety of aquatic organisms and human health. However, the migration of heavy metals from habitats to the food chain in freshwater ecosystems requires extensive exploration. We extensively investigated the levels of heavy metals in multiple media of freshwater ecosystems and explored their migration from freshwater habitats to the food chain. The results showed that the concentrations of Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn, Sb, and Pb in sediments, Cr in mollusks, and Cd in clams exceeded their standard limit values. Feeding habits, species, and body length considerably affected heavy metal levels in fish, whereas regional differences, body length, and weight considerably affected heavy metal levels in mollusks. The bioconcentration capacity (improved biotawater (sediment) accumulation factors) of the muscles was higher than that of the gills and visceral mass. Mollusks were strongly enriched in Cu, Cd, Zn, and Mn in their habitats, whereas fish were more favourable for the accumulation of Cu, Zn, and Cr. Heavy metals in sediments pose a higher risk to aquatic organisms than those in the overlying water. Trophic level (TL) (δN) considerably diluted levels of most metals, whereas Cu and Zn levels increased along the organic matter pathway (δC) in the entire aquatic food chain. The levels of typical pollutants, such as Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Cr changed considerably along the organic matter pathway in mollusks. The levels of heavy metals in fish were not affected by TL or organic matter pathway, except for Cu. The potential risk of consuming aquatic organisms from Poyang Lake was ranked as clams > snails > fish for adults and children and As in aquatic organisms was the primary contributor to health risk.
重金属向水生生态系统中的迁移引起了人们对水生生物和人类健康安全的关注。然而，重金属从栖息地向淡水生态系统食物链中的迁移需要广泛的探索。我们广泛研究了淡水生态系统中多种介质中重金属的水平，并探讨了它们从淡水栖息地向食物链中的迁移。结果表明，沉积物中 Cr、Cu、Cd、Zn、Sb 和 Pb 的浓度、软体动物中的 Cr 以及贻贝中的 Cd 均超过了标准限量值。摄食习性、种类和体长对鱼类体内重金属含量有较大影响，而区域差异、体长和体重对贝类体内重金属含量有较大影响。肌肉的生物浓缩能力（改进的生物水（沉积物）积累因子）高于鳃和内脏质量。软体动物在其栖息地中强烈富集了 Cu、Cd、Zn 和 Mn，而鱼类更有利于 Cu、Zn 和 Cr 的积累。沉积物中的重金属对水生生物的风险高于上覆水中的重金属。营养级（TL）（δN）极大地稀释了大多数金属的浓度，而 Cu 和 Zn 的浓度沿着整个水生食物链中的有机质途径（δC）增加。在整个软体动物中，典型污染物如 Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb 和 Cr 的水平沿着有机质途径发生了显著变化。鱼类体内重金属的水平不受 TL 或有机质途径的影响，除了 Cu 以外。鄱阳湖水生生物的潜在食用风险从高到低依次为贻贝>螺蛳>鱼类，对于成年人和儿童而言，水生生物中的 As 是造成健康风险的主要因素。
