Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University Health System, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Ear Hear. 2024;45(Suppl 1):4S-16S. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001543. Epub 2024 Sep 19.
People who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing (d/DHH) often experience stigma and discrimination in their daily lives. Qualitative research describing their lived experiences has provided useful, in-depth insights into the pervasiveness of stigma. Quantitative measures could facilitate further investigation of the scope of this phenomenon. Thus, under the auspices of the Lancet Commission on Hearing Loss, we developed and preliminarily validated survey measures of different types of stigma related to d/Deafness and hearing loss in the United States (a high-income country) and Ghana (a lower-middle income country). In this introductory article, we first present working definitions of the different types of stigma; an overview of what is known about stigma in the context of hearing loss; and the motivation underlying the development of measures that capture different types of stigma from the perspectives of different key groups. We then describe the mixed-methods exploratory sequential approach used to develop the stigma measures for several key groups: people who are d/DHH, parents of children who are d/DHH, care partners of people who are d/DHH, healthcare providers, and the general population. The subsequent manuscripts in this special supplement of Ear and Hearing describe the psychometric validation of the various stigma scales developed using these methods.
聋人或重听人士（d/DHH）在日常生活中经常经历污名化和歧视。描述他们生活经历的定性研究为深入了解污名化的普遍性提供了有用的见解。定量措施可以促进对这一现象范围的进一步调查。因此，在柳叶刀听力损失委员会的支持下，我们在美国（高收入国家）和加纳（中低收入国家）开发并初步验证了与耳聋和听力损失相关的不同类型污名的调查措施。在这篇介绍性文章中，我们首先提出了不同类型污名的工作定义；概述了在听力损失背景下污名化的已知情况；以及从不同关键群体的角度开发捕捉不同类型污名的措施的背后动机。然后，我们描述了用于为几个关键群体开发污名措施的混合方法探索性序贯方法：聋人或重听人士、聋人或重听儿童的父母、聋人或重听人士的照顾者、医疗保健提供者和一般人群。本特刊中的后续文章描述了使用这些方法开发的各种污名量表的心理测量学验证。
