Comparative evaluation of nutritional quality and flavor characteristics for muscle in different aquaculture systems.

To investigate the nutritional quality and flavor characteristics of muscle cultivated in the pond (P), in-pond raceway (IPRS), and industrial aquaponics (ARAS) systems, we comprehensively analyzed texture properties, nutrient compositions, and volatile compounds. Our results revealed firmer flesh in P-cultured fish due to greater hardness and mastication. ARAS fish exhibited lower crude fat but higher crude protein and muscle glycogen. Notably, recirculating aquaculture significantly elevated total amino acids, minerals, and ΣPUFA/ΣSFA ratio, enhancing nutritional value. Pyrazine,2-methoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl)-, and β-Ionone were identified as key flavor compounds. Volatile metabolites in all systems were dominated by woody, herbal, and sweet aroma profiles, with ARAS achieving the highest odor activity value, suggesting improved overall flavor. This study underscores the pivotal role of recirculating aquaculture in enhancing quality, positioning it as a new quality productive force.