Goel Ashish, Goel Paula, Goel Saurabh
Department of Cardiology, Fayth Clinic, Mumbai, IND.
Department of Pediatrics, Fayth Clinic, Mumbai, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 18;16(9):e69669. doi: 10.7759/cureus.69669. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a critical public health challenge globally, characterized by a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that heighten the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. In India, the prevalence of MetS, particularly in urban areas, is rising rapidly. This study investigates the prevalence of MetS and its association with waist circumference in middle-aged individuals from urban Mumbai. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,851 participants (814 men and 1,037 women, with a mean age of 56.8 years) in a public health camp in urban Mumbai. Data were collected on anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and blood markers, including fasting glucose and lipid profiles. MetS was diagnosed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. This included the presence of three or more of the following five criteria: waist circumference of ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women, fasting triglycerides of ≥150 mg/dL, fasting high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol of <40 mg/dL for men and <50 mg/dL for women, blood pressure of ≥130/85 mm Hg, and fasting glucose of ≥100 mg/dL. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 23 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY). Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the cohort was 32.6% (605 out of 1,851 participants), with women exhibiting a significantly higher prevalence at 38% (394 out of 1,037 women) compared to men at 26% (211 out of 814 men) (p<0.001). High waist circumference (≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women) was strongly correlated with MetS, as 73.8% of individuals (314 out of 425 participants) in the high waist circumference group met the criteria for MetS, compared to 20.4% of individuals (291 out of 1,426 participants) in the non-high waist circumference group (<102 cm for men and <88 cm for women) (p<0.001). Furthermore, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting glucose, and elevated fasting triglycerides were significantly more common in the high waist circumference group, than in the non-high waist circumference group (p<0.001). Conclusion The study highlights the significant association between central obesity and MetS in an urban Indian population, with notably higher prevalence in women. Waist circumference is a critical determinant of MetS and should routinely be measured, with significant application especially in resource-limited settings for early detection and intervention.
代谢综合征（MetS）是全球一项严峻的公共卫生挑战，其特征是一系列代谢异常，会增加心血管疾病和2型糖尿病的风险。在印度，尤其是在城市地区，代谢综合征的患病率正在迅速上升。本研究调查了孟买市区中年人群中代谢综合征的患病率及其与腰围的关系。
在孟买市区的一个公共卫生营地对1851名参与者（814名男性和1037名女性，平均年龄56.8岁）进行了一项横断面研究。收集了人体测量指标、血压和血液标志物的数据，包括空腹血糖和血脂谱。根据美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗小组第三次报告（NCEP ATP III）标准诊断代谢综合征。这包括以下五项标准中的三项或更多：男性腰围≥102厘米，女性腰围≥88厘米；空腹甘油三酯≥150毫克/分升；男性空腹高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇<40毫克/分升，女性<50毫克/分升；血压≥130/85毫米汞柱；空腹血糖≥100毫克/分升。使用SPSS Statistics 23版（IBM SPSS Statistics，纽约州阿蒙克）对数据进行分析。采用卡方检验进行统计分析，设定统计学显著性为p<0.05。
该队列中代谢综合征（MetS）的总体患病率为32.6%（1851名参与者中有6个5名），女性患病率显著更高，为38%（1037名女性中有394名），而男性为26%（814名男性中有21名）（p<0.001）。高腰围（男性≥ 102厘米，女性≥88厘米）与代谢综合征密切相关，因为高腰围组中73.8%的个体（425名参与者中有314名）符合代谢综合征标准，而非高腰围组（男性<102厘米，女性<88厘米）中这一比例为20.4%（1426名参与者中有291名）（p<0.001）。此外，高腰围组中血压升高、空腹血糖升高和空腹甘油三酯升高明显比非高腰围组更常见（p<0.001）。
该研究强调了印度城市人群中中心性肥胖与代谢综合征之间的显著关联，女性患病率尤其更高。腰围是代谢综合征的关键决定因素，应常规进行测量，在资源有限的环境中尤其具有重要应用价值，有助于早期发现和干预。
