Gholami Rahmatollah, Fahadi Hoveizeh Narjes, Zahedi Seyed Morteza, Padervand Mohsen, Dawi Elmuez A, Carillo Petronia
Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz, Ahwaz, Iran.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Sep 4;15:1454619. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1454619. eCollection 2024.
Olive trees are known as one of the most iconic crops in the world. Considering the increasing water deficit worldwide, implementing some profitable and empirical strategies can be inevitable upon exposure to drought stress. Therefore, the present study aimed at clarifying the beneficial role of exogenously foliar application of FeO modified carbon nitride nanostructures (control, FeSO, CN and FeO/g-CN) to "Shengeh" olive cultivars grown at different watering levels (100, 75, and 50% ET) in two experimental years (2022 and 2023) and the pomological attributes, physiological and biochemical changes happening in the treated leaves and fruits were discussed. The results indicated that drought stress caused a significant decline in pomological attributes in this experiment, and treatments could remarkably make up for this damage. Overall, FeO/g-CN outperformed as compared FeSO and CN alone, which were also efficacious in conferring tolerance to the water deficit stress. Conversely, severe drought stressed-olive fruits showed higher oil content percent in the fresh matter and water use efficiency (WUE) in oil by 30% and 52.5%, respectively, as an average of results of two years, and after FeO/g-CN, these features in olive plants subjected to severe drought improved by an average of 35% over two years. Ca and K in olive plants under severe drought stress declined by 50% and 83% in 2022 and 46% and 24% in 2023, while Na increased in the plants exposed to 50%ET stress by 48% and 57% in two successive experimental years respectively. The application of FeO/g-CN remarkably improved the contents of Ca and K by 101.5% and 369%, respectively, as an average of two years. Conversely, this beneficial treatment led to a significant decline in Na levels by 30% in 2022 and 2% in 2023 under stressful conditions. Moreover, it decreased the 'osmolytes' content, caused a smaller decline in chlorophyll levels, and resulted in higher relative water content occurring in the treated olive leaves. The reduction of oxidative markers was a result of the increased enzymatic activity after the use of FeO/g-CN. Therefore, this treatment is a promising strategy to achieve improved resistance in olive plants in the future.
橄榄树被誉为世界上最具标志性的作物之一。鉴于全球水资源短缺日益严重，在遭受干旱胁迫时，实施一些有利可图且基于经验的策略可能是不可避免的。因此，本研究旨在阐明在两个试验年份（2022年和2023年），对处于不同浇水水平（100%、75%和50%蒸发散量）下生长的“申格”橄榄品种进行外源叶面喷施FeO修饰的氮化碳纳米结构（对照、FeSO₄、CN和FeO/g-CN）的有益作用，并讨论了处理后的叶片和果实中发生的果实学属性、生理和生化变化。结果表明，在本试验中干旱胁迫导致果实学属性显著下降，而处理可以显著弥补这种损害。总体而言，与单独的FeSO₄和CN相比，FeO/g-CN表现更优，它们在赋予对水分亏缺胁迫的耐受性方面也很有效。相反，作为两年结果的平均值，严重干旱胁迫下的橄榄果实新鲜物质中的油含量百分比和油的水分利用效率（WUE）分别高出30%和52.5%，在喷施FeO/g-CN后，遭受严重干旱的橄榄植株的这些特征在两年内平均提高了35%。2022年，严重干旱胁迫下橄榄植株中的钙和钾分别下降了50%和83%，2023年分别下降了46%和24%，而在连续两个试验年份中，暴露于50%蒸发散量胁迫下的植株中的钠分别增加了48%和57%。作为两年的平均值，喷施FeO/g-CN分别使钙和钾的含量显著提高了101.5%和369%。相反，在胁迫条件下，这种有益处理使2022年钠水平显著下降了30%，2023年下降了2%。此外，它降低了“渗透溶质”含量，使叶绿素水平下降幅度较小，并导致处理后的橄榄叶片相对含水量更高。氧化标记物的减少是使用FeO/g-CN后酶活性增加的结果。因此，这种处理是未来实现橄榄植株抗性提高的一种有前景的策略。
