将引力波探测器的量子噪声压缩至标准量子极限以下。

Squeezing the quantum noise of a gravitational-wave detector below the standard quantum limit.

作者信息

Jia Wenxuan, Xu Victoria, Kuns Kevin, Nakano Masayuki, Barsotti Lisa, Evans Matthew, Mavalvala Nergis, Abbott R, Abouelfettouh I, Adhikari R X, Ananyeva A, Appert S, Arai K, Aritomi N, Aston S M, Ball M, Ballmer S W, Barker D, Berger B K, Betzwieser J, Bhattacharjee D, Billingsley G, Bode N, Bonilla E, Bossilkov V, Branch A, Brooks A F, Brown D D, Bryant J, Cahillane C, Cao H, Capote E, Chen Y, Clara F, Collins J, Compton C M, Cottingham R, Coyne D C, Crouch R, Csizmazia J, Cullen T J, Dartez L P, Demos N, Dohmen E, Driggers J C, Dwyer S E, Effler A, Ejlli A, Etzel T, Feicht J, Frey R, Frischhertz W, Fritschel P, Frolov V V, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Ganapathy D, Gateley B, Giaime J A, Giardina K D, Glanzer J, Goetz E, Goodwin-Jones A W, Gras S, Gray C, Griffith D, Grote H, Guidry T, Hall E D, Hanks J, Hanson J, Heintze M C, Helmling-Cornell A F, Huang H Y, Inoue Y, James A L, Jennings A, Karat S, Kasprzack M, Kawabe K, Kijbunchoo N, Kissel J S, Kontos A, Kumar R, Landry M, Lantz B, Laxen M, Lee K, Lesovsky M, Llamas F, Lormand M, Loughlin H A, Macas R, MacInnis M, Makarem C N, Mannix B, Mansell G L, Martin R M, Maxwell N, McCarrol G, McCarthy R, McClelland D E, McCormick S, McCuller L, McRae T, Mera F, Merilh E L, Meylahn F, Mittleman R, Moraru D, Moreno G, Mould M, Mullavey A, Nelson T J N, Neunzert A, Oberling J, O'Hanlon T, Osthelder C, Ottaway D J, Overmier H, Parker W, Pele A, Pham H, Pirello M, Quetschke V, Ramirez K E, Reyes J, Richardson J W, Robinson M, Rollins J G, Romie J H, Ross M P, Sadecki T, Sanchez A, Sanchez E J, Sanchez L E, Savage R L, Schaetzl D, Schiworski M G, Schnabel R, Schofield R M S, Schwartz E, Sellers D, Shaffer T, Short R W, Sigg D, Slagmolen B J J, Soni S, Sun L, Tanner D B, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thorne K A, Torrie C I, Traylor G, Vajente G, Vanosky J, Vecchio A, Veitch P J, Vibhute A M, von Reis E R G, Warner J, Weaver B, Weiss R, Whittle C, Willke B, Wipf C C, Yamamoto H, Yu H, Zhang L, Zucker M E

机构信息

Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, LA 70754, USA.

出版信息

Science. 2024 Sep 20;385(6715):1318-1321. doi: 10.1126/science.ado8069. Epub 2024 Sep 19.

DOI:10.1126/science.ado8069

PMID:39298573

Abstract

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle dictates that the position and momentum of an object cannot be simultaneously measured with arbitrary precision, giving rise to an apparent limitation known as the standard quantum limit (SQL). Gravitational-wave detectors use photons to continuously measure the positions of freely falling mirrors and so are affected by the SQL. We investigated the performance of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) after the experimental realization of frequency-dependent squeezing designed to surpass the SQL. For the LIGO Livingston detector, we found that the upgrade reduces quantum noise below the SQL by a maximum of three decibels between 35 and 75 hertz while achieving a broadband sensitivity improvement, increasing the overall detector sensitivity during astrophysical observations.

摘要

海森堡不确定性原理表明，物体的位置和动量不能同时以任意精度进行测量，从而产生了一种被称为标准量子极限（SQL）的明显限制。引力波探测器利用光子来持续测量自由下落镜子的位置，因此会受到标准量子极限的影响。在实验实现旨在超越标准量子极限的频率相关压缩之后，我们研究了激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）的性能。对于LIGO利文斯顿探测器，我们发现此次升级在35至75赫兹之间将量子噪声降低到标准量子极限以下最多3分贝，同时实现了宽带灵敏度的提升，在天体物理观测期间提高了探测器的整体灵敏度。