尼泊尔 BPKIHS 接种疫苗人群中的 COVID-19 突破性感染。

COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals at BPKIHS, Nepal.

机构信息

Department of Microbiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.

出版信息

BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Sep 19;24(1):1003. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-09902-z.

DOI:10.1186/s12879-024-09902-z

PMID:39300352

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11411789/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Although there have been reports of COVID-19 breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals, the vaccines have demonstrated a high efficacy in preventing severe illness and death. Nepal has reported fewer studies of COVID-19 breakthrough infections. Hence, this study has objective to assess the prevalence, and to describe clinical characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) breakthrough infection.

METHODS

This descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2022. The study enrolled 200 individuals who had received the recommended doses of the COVID-19 vaccine and they were RT-PCR positive diagnosed with vaccine breakthrough infections after 14 days of completing the vaccination course. The patient's demographic and clinical profiles, as well as their outcomes in terms of severity, length of hospital stay, and mortality were recorded.

RESULTS

The prevalence of SARS-CoV2 infection was 6.3% (547/8682). Among fully vaccinated personnel, the prevalence of breakthrough infections was 6.2% (200/3175). This study found the Omicron variants in respondents. The mean age of the patients was 38.28 years, and 41.5% (83/200) of the breakthrough cases were healthcare workers. The mean time gap between the second dose of vaccination and a positive RT-PCR test was 354.68 days. Of the 200 breakthrough cases, 89% (178) had mild symptoms, 9% (17) had moderate symptoms requiring hospitalization, and 2% (4) were severe cases that required intensive care facility. Among the severe cases, 3 out 4 were above 60 years old. Furthermore, the patients greater than 60 years had longer hospital stays (p < 0.0001) however no deaths were recorded.

CONCLUSION

Fully vaccinated individuals can experience COVID-19 breakthrough infections and the majority of cases present with mild symptoms. Elderly patients have a higher likelihood of severe disease and longer hospital stay compared to younger patients. The results of this study emphasize the importance of vaccination in mitigating the severity of the disease.

摘要

背景

尽管已报道接种疫苗者发生 COVID-19 突破感染病例，但疫苗在预防重症和死亡方面显示出了很高的功效。尼泊尔报告的 COVID-19 突破感染病例研究较少。因此，本研究旨在评估 COVID-19 突破感染的发生率，并描述严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV2）突破感染的临床特征。

方法

这是一项描述性研究，于 2022 年 1 月至 12 月进行。共纳入 200 名接受推荐剂量 COVID-19 疫苗接种且在完成疫苗接种后 14 天内 RT-PCR 检测呈阳性诊断为疫苗突破感染的个体。记录患者的人口统计学和临床特征以及他们的严重程度、住院时间和死亡率等结局。

结果

SARS-CoV2 感染的发生率为 6.3%（547/8682）。在完全接种疫苗的人员中，突破感染的发生率为 6.2%（200/3175）。本研究发现了受访者中的奥密克戎变异株。患者的平均年龄为 38.28 岁，200 例突破感染病例中有 41.5%（83/200）为医护人员。第二剂疫苗接种与 RT-PCR 检测阳性之间的平均时间间隔为 354.68 天。在 200 例突破感染病例中，89%（178）为轻症，9%（17）为需要住院的中度症状，2%（4）为需要重症监护的重症病例。在重症病例中，4 例中有 3 例年龄超过 60 岁。此外，年龄大于 60 岁的患者住院时间更长（p<0.0001），但无死亡病例记录。