Ferri Gianluigi, Olivieri Vincenzo, Vergara Alberto
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Post-Graduate Specialization School in Food Inspection "G. Tiecco", University of Teramo, Piano d'Accio, Italy.
Ital J Food Saf. 2024 May 20;13(3):12349. doi: 10.4081/ijfs.2024.12349. eCollection 2024 Aug 5.
Human enteric viruses, such as hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E virus (HEV), and norovirus genogroups I and II (NoVGI and NoVGII), cause infections, and it has been largely demonstrated that mussels play an important role if consumed as raw or undercooked food matrices. This study aimed to investigate, through qualitative and quantitative biomolecular assays, the detection of partial genomic regions belonging to the most relevant enteropathogenic viruses for humans (HAV, HEV, NoVGI and NoVGII) in mussels () farmed along the coasts of two Italian regions on the central Adriatic Sea: Abruzzo (Casalbordino, Chieti) and Molise (Termoli, Campobasso). A total of 425 animals were sampled, and the respective georeferentiations were registered. A total of 85 pools, each composed of five sub-jects/aliquots, were formed (22 from Abruzzo and 63 from Molise regions). This step was followed by homogenization and RNA extraction, and then the biomolecular assays [nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR] were performed. 1.17% of the pool was positive for HAV RNA detection (10 copies/mL), 9.41% for HEV (10-10 copies/µL), 2.35% for NoVGI (10 copies/µL), and no pool was positive for NoVGII. This study demonstrated the human enteric viruses' presence in mussels farmed in a low-investigated marine area. Based on a one-health point of view, this paper aims to enforce the importance of biomolecular and epidemiological screenings as surveillance systems to guarantee human, animal, and environmental health.
人类肠道病毒，如甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）、戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）以及诺如病毒基因组I和II（NoVGI和NoVGII），会引发感染。大量研究表明，如果将贻贝作为生食或未煮熟的食物食用，贻贝会在感染过程中发挥重要作用。本研究旨在通过定性和定量生物分子检测方法，调查在亚得里亚海中部意大利两个地区（阿布鲁佐大区的卡萨博迪诺、基耶蒂；莫利塞大区的特尔莫利、坎波巴索）沿海养殖的贻贝中，是否存在对人类最具相关性的肠道致病病毒（HAV、HEV、NoVGI和NoVGII）的部分基因组区域。总共采集了425只贻贝样本，并记录了各自的地理定位信息。总共形成了85个样本池，每个样本池由5个个体/等分试样组成（阿布鲁佐大区22个，莫利塞大区63个）。接下来进行匀浆和RNA提取，然后开展生物分子检测[巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应（PCR）和实时逆转录定量PCR]。1.17%的样本池检测出HAV RNA呈阳性（10拷贝/毫升），9.41%的样本池检测出HEV呈阳性（10-10拷贝/微升），2.35%的样本池检测出NoVGI呈阳性（10拷贝/微升），没有样本池检测出NoVGII呈阳性。本研究证明了在一个较少受到调查的海域养殖的贻贝中存在人类肠道病毒。基于“同一健康”的观点，本文旨在强调生物分子和流行病学筛查作为监测系统对于保障人类、动物和环境健康的重要性。
