Kumar Sarma Rajeev, David Einstein Mariya, Pavithra Gangigere Jagadish, Kumar Gopalakrishnan Sajith, Lesharadevi Kuppan, Akshaya Selvaraj, Basavaraddi Chavadi, Navyashree Gopal, Arpitha Panakanahalli Shivaramu, Sreedevi Padmanabhan, Zainuddin Khan, Firdous Saiyyeda, Babu Bondalakunta Ravindra, Prashanth Muralidhar Udagatti, Ravikumar Ganesan, Basavaraj Palabhanvi, Chavana Sandeep Kumar, Kumar Vinod Munisanjeeviah Lakshmi Devi, Parthasarathi Theivasigamani, Subbian Ezhilkani
String Bio Private Limited, Bangalore, India.
String Bio Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, Bangalore, India.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Sep 5;15:1432460. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1432460. eCollection 2024.
More than half of the world's population consumes rice as their primary food. The majority of rice production is concentrated in Asia, with the top 10 rice-growing countries accounting for 84% of the world's total rice cultivation. However, rice production is also strongly linked to environmental changes. Among all the global sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, paddy cultivation stands out as a significant contributor to global methane (CH) and nitrous oxide (NO) emissions. This contribution is expected to increase further with the projected increase of 28% in global rice output by 2050. Hence, modifications to rice management practices are necessary both to increase yield and mitigate GHG emissions.
We investigated the effect of seedling treatment, soil application, and foliar application of a methane-derived microbial biostimulant on grain yield and GHG emissions from rice fields over three seasons under 100% fertilizer conditions. Further, microbial biostimulant was also tested under 75% nitrogen (N) levels to demonstrate its effect on grain yield. To understand the mechanism of action of microbial biostimulant on crop physiology and yield, a series of physiological, transcript, and metabolite analyses were also performed.
Our three-season open-field studies demonstrated a significant enhancement of grain yield, up to 39%, with a simultaneous reduction in CH (31%-60%) and NO (34%-50%) emissions with the use of methane-derived microbial biostimulant. Under 75% N levels, a 34% increase in grain yield was observed with microbial biostimulant application. Based on the physiological, transcript, and metabolite analyses data, we were further able to outline the potential mechanisms for the diverse synergistic effects of methane-derived microbial biostimulant on paddy, including indole-3-acetic acid production, modulation of photosynthesis, tillering, and panicle development, ultimately translating to superior yield.
The reduction in GHG emission and enhanced yield observed under both recommended and reduced N conditions demonstrated that the methane-derived biostimulant can play a unique and necessary role in the paddy ecosystem. The consistent improvements seen across different field trials established that the methane-derived microbial biostimulant could be a scalable solution to intensify rice productivity with a lower GHG footprint, thus creating a win-win-win solution for farmers, customers, and the environment.
世界上一半以上的人口以大米为主食。大米生产主要集中在亚洲，前十大水稻种植国占全球水稻种植总面积的84%。然而，水稻生产也与环境变化密切相关。在全球所有温室气体排放源中，稻田种植是全球甲烷（CH）和氧化亚氮（N₂O）排放的重要贡献者。随着预计到2050年全球水稻产量将增长28%，这一贡献预计还会进一步增加。因此，有必要对水稻管理措施进行调整，以提高产量并减少温室气体排放。
我们研究了在100%肥料条件下，甲烷衍生的微生物生物刺激剂进行秧苗处理、土壤施用和叶面喷施对三个季节稻田谷物产量和温室气体排放的影响。此外，还在75%氮（N）水平下测试了微生物生物刺激剂，以证明其对谷物产量的影响。为了解微生物生物刺激剂对作物生理和产量的作用机制，还进行了一系列生理、转录和代谢物分析。
我们为期三个季节的田间试验表明，使用甲烷衍生的微生物生物刺激剂可显著提高谷物产量，增幅高达39%，同时减少CH排放（31%-60%）和N₂O排放（34%-50%）。在75% N水平下，施用微生物生物刺激剂可使谷物产量提高34%。基于生理、转录和代谢物分析数据，我们进一步能够概述甲烷衍生的微生物生物刺激剂对水稻产生多种协同效应的潜在机制，包括吲哚-3-乙酸的产生、光合作用的调节、分蘖和穗发育，最终实现更高的产量。
在推荐氮水平和降低氮水平条件下均观察到温室气体排放减少和产量提高，这表明甲烷衍生的生物刺激剂在稻田生态系统中可以发挥独特且必要的作用。不同田间试验中持续出现的改善结果表明，甲烷衍生的微生物生物刺激剂可能是一种可扩展的解决方案，能够在降低温室气体排放足迹的情况下提高水稻生产力，从而为农民、消费者和环境创造三赢的局面。
