Segal D, Wiss D A, Whitelaw G P
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985 Oct(199):39-45.
For normal daily activities, 10 degrees of ankle dorsiflexion is essential. Plantiflexion follows dorsiflexion and exceeds it by an average of 5 degrees. Normal ankle motion takes place with the talus rotating on an obliquely oriented axis distal to the tips of the medial and lateral malleolus. Mortise widening of less than 1 mm accommodates the talus with the fibula apparently rotating along its vertical axis. Ankle fractures treated nonsurgically will regain functional range of motion if immobilization in equinus is avoided and early weight-bearing with early functional bracing is applied. With the aid of a functional brace, fractures treated surgically may start weight-bearing and exercise within five to seven days, provided all fracture components have been stabilized. The functional brace allows dorsiflexion and plantiflexion via a rigid hinge and reduces rotational stresses acting on the fractured ankle.
对于正常的日常活动而言，踝关节背屈10度至关重要。背屈之后是跖屈，跖屈平均比背屈多5度。正常的踝关节活动时，距骨在位于内、外踝尖远端的倾斜轴上旋转。榫眼增宽小于1毫米时，距骨可容纳，腓骨明显沿其垂直轴旋转。如果避免踝关节固定于马蹄足位，并尽早进行负重及早期功能支具治疗，非手术治疗的踝关节骨折将恢复功能活动范围。借助功能支具，只要骨折的各个部分均已稳定，手术治疗的骨折在五至七天内即可开始负重和锻炼。功能支具通过一个刚性铰链实现背屈和跖屈，并减少作用于骨折踝关节的旋转应力。
