Khersonskiĭ B G
Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 1979;79(12):1743-7.
A study of the pictogramms in 500 normals, 150 schizophrenic, 50 neurotic and 70 patients with late sequelae of brain trauma allowed the following conclusion: "futile symbology" as some other disorders of thinking described in schizophrenia is not pathognomic for this disease. Not being symbology in the general sense of this word, "futile symbology" reflects a drop in motivation when accomplishing the tests, and a formal approach of the examinee to such testing.
一项针对500名正常人、150名精神分裂症患者、50名神经症患者和70名脑外伤后遗症患者的象形文字研究得出了以下结论：“无效符号化”与精神分裂症中描述的其他一些思维障碍一样，并非该疾病的特征性表现。“无效符号化”并非一般意义上的符号化，而是反映了完成测试时动机的下降以及受测者对这类测试的形式化态度。
