Acrolein scavengers and detoxification: From high-throughput screening of flavonoids to mechanistic study of epigallocatechin gallate.

Acrolein (ACR) is a widespread, highly toxic substance that poses significant health risks. Flavonoids have been recognized as effective ACR scavengers, offering a possible way to reduce these risks. However, the lack of specific high-throughput screening methods has limited the identification of ACR scavengers, and their actual detoxifying capacity on ACR remains unknown. To address this, we developed a high-throughput screening platform to assess the ACR scavenging capacity of 322 flavonoids. Our results showed that 80.7 % of the flavonoids could scavenge ACR, but only 34.4 % exhibited detoxifying effects in an ACR-injured QSG7701 cell model. Some flavonoids even increased toxicity. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis indicated that galloyl and pyrogallol units enhance scavenging but worsen ACR-induced cytotoxicity. Further investigation revealed that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) could exacerbate ACR-induced redox disorder, leading to cell apoptosis. Our findings provide crucial data on the scavenging and detoxifying capacities of 322 flavonoids, highlighting that ACR scavengers might not mitigate ACR-induced toxicity and could pose additional safety risks.