Lysozyme-enhanced cellulose nanofiber, chitosan, and graphene oxide multifunctional nanocomposite for potential burn wound healing applications.

The demand for advanced biomaterials in medical treatments is rapidly expanding. To address this demand, a nanocomposite of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) with chitosan (Ch) and graphene oxide (GO) was developed for burn wound treatment. The CNF-Ch-GO nanocomposites were characterized and their biological properties were evaluated. Microscopic images showed a uniform distribution of CNF, Ch, and GO with a porous structure. ATR-FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the chemical structures, while a thermogravimetric study confirmed the stability of CNF-Ch-GO nanocomposite under a N atmosphere. The synthesized CNF-Ch-GO nanocomposite exhibited rapid absorption, absorbing 1781.7 ± 53.7 % PBS in 2 min. It demonstrated a Young's modulus of 11.90 ± 0.06 MPa in a hydrated condition, indicating its mechanical stability in water. Furthermore, it displayed excellent biocompatibility and hemocompatibility with 96.23 ± 12.21 % cell viability and 0.21 ± 0.08 % of hemolysis. Additionally, the blood clotting index of CNF-Ch-GO was comparable to that of standard dressing gauze. To enhance antimicrobial efficacy, CNF-Ch-GO was conjugated with lysozyme. This biotic and abiotic conjugation resulted in 92.17 % ± 3.02 % and 94.99 ± 2.1 % eradication of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The enhanced antimicrobial properties, biocompatibility, and mechanical stability of the superabsorbent CNF-Ch-GO nanocomposite indicate its significant potential for advanced burn wound healing applications.