College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China.
Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P. R. China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Oct 2;72(39):21843-21853. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06436. Epub 2024 Sep 22.
is the major fungus that causes blue mold and produces patulin, threatening human health. Due to health and environmental pollution concerns, chitosan (CS) has attracted more and more attention as a safer alternative to synthetic fungicides for the control of blue mold. In the present study, four different benzimidazole groups were introduced onto CS by the acylation reaction to obtain benzimidazole-based chitosan derivatives (R1b-R4b). After being well-characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis spectra), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), their antifungal activities against were screened. Results showed that the inhibitory effects of chitosan derivatives against the pathogen were significantly correlated with chitosan derivatives' concentration and their structures. R4b was shown as optimum with good solubility and antifungal activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.5 mg/mL and a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of 2.0 mg/mL. The remarkable antifungal efficiency of R4b against was further demonstrated in terms of spore germination, mycelial growth, patulin production, and the preliminary antifungal mechanism. R4b exhibited significant inhibition of patulin production, while its antifungal mechanism was revealed by destroying cell membrane integrity and inducing membrane depolarization. Furthermore, R4b treatment could significantly reduce the incidence of blue mold rot in apple fruit, and the MTT assay showed the nontoxicity of R4b against Raw 264.7, HBZY-1, and Caco-2 cells. Altogether, these results indicate that it is promising to be used as a fruit preservative in the future.
是导致青霉病并产生棒曲霉素的主要真菌，威胁着人类健康。由于对健康和环境污染的担忧，壳聚糖（CS）作为合成杀菌剂的更安全替代品，越来越受到关注，用于控制青霉病。在本研究中，通过酰化反应将四个不同的苯并咪唑基团引入壳聚糖上，得到苯并咪唑基壳聚糖衍生物（R1b-R4b）。经过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、紫外可见光谱（UV-vis 光谱）和核磁共振（NMR）的充分表征，筛选了它们对的抗真菌活性。结果表明，壳聚糖衍生物对病原体的抑制作用与壳聚糖衍生物的浓度及其结构显著相关。R4b 表现出最佳的水溶性和抗真菌活性，最小抑菌浓度（MIC）值为 0.5mg/mL，最小杀菌浓度（MFC）值为 2.0mg/mL。R4b 对 具有良好的抗真菌效率，进一步体现在孢子萌发、菌丝生长、棒曲霉素产生和初步的抗真菌机制方面。R4b 对棒曲霉素的产生表现出显著的抑制作用，而其抗真菌机制是通过破坏细胞膜完整性和诱导膜去极化来实现的。此外，R4b 处理可显著降低苹果果实中青霉病腐烂的发生率，MTT 测定表明 R4b 对 Raw 264.7、HBZY-1 和 Caco-2 细胞无毒性。总之，这些结果表明，它有望在未来作为一种水果防腐剂使用。
