Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vile Parle-West, Mumbai, 56, India.
Vivekanand Education Society's College of Pharmacy, Chembur, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400074, India.
Med Oncol. 2024 Sep 24;41(11):249. doi: 10.1007/s12032-024-02489-0.
The incidence of lung cancer continues to grow globally, contributing to an ever-increasing load on healthcare systems. Emerging evidence has indicated lowered efficacy of conventional treatment strategies, such as chemotherapy, surgical interventions and radiotherapy, prompting the need for exploring alternative interventions. A growing focus on immunotherapy and the development of personalized medicine has paved the way for vaccine-based delivery in lung cancer. With various prominent targets such as CD8T cells and PD-L1, immune-targeted, anti-cancer vaccines have been evaluated in both, pre-clinical and clinical settings, to improve therapeutic outcomes. However, there are a number of challenges that must be addressed, including the scalability of such delivery systems, heterogeneity of lung cancers, and long-term safety as well as efficacy. In addition to this, natural compounds, in combination with immunotherapy, have gained considerable research interest in recent times. This makes it necessary to explore their role in synergism with immune-targeted agents. The authors of this review aim to offer an overview of recent advances in our understanding of lung cancer pathogenesis, detection and management strategies, and the emergence of immunotherapy with a special focus on vaccine delivery. This finding is supported with evidence from testing in non-human and human models, showcasing promising results. Prospects for phytotherapy have also been discussed, in order to combat some pitfalls and limitations. Finally, the future perspectives of vaccine usage in lung cancer management have also been discussed, to offer a holistic perspective to readers, and to prompt further research in the domain.
肺癌的发病率在全球范围内持续增长，导致医疗系统的负担不断加重。新出现的证据表明，传统治疗策略（如化疗、手术干预和放疗）的疗效降低，因此需要探索替代干预措施。免疫疗法和个性化医学的发展越来越受到关注，为肺癌的疫苗递送开辟了道路。各种突出的靶点，如 CD8T 细胞和 PD-L1，免疫靶向的抗癌疫苗已经在临床前和临床环境中进行了评估，以改善治疗效果。然而，还存在许多必须解决的挑战，包括这些递送系统的可扩展性、肺癌的异质性以及长期安全性和疗效。除此之外，天然化合物与免疫疗法相结合，在最近引起了相当大的研究兴趣。因此，有必要探讨它们与免疫靶向药物协同作用的作用。本文作者旨在概述我们对肺癌发病机制、检测和管理策略的理解的最新进展，以及免疫疗法的出现，特别关注疫苗的递送。这一发现得到了非人类和人类模型测试的证据的支持，展示了有希望的结果。还讨论了植物疗法的前景，以克服一些缺陷和限制。最后，还讨论了疫苗在肺癌管理中的未来应用前景，为读者提供了全面的视角，并促使该领域进一步研究。
