Exploring the role and therapeutic potential of lipid metabolism in acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent condition, yet no specific treatment is available. Extensive research has revealed the pivotal role of lipid-related alterations in AKI. Lipid metabolism plays an essential role in the sustenance of the kidneys. In addition to their energy-supplying function, lipids contribute to the formation of renal biomembranes and the establishment of the renal microenvironment. Moreover, lipids or their metabolites actively participate in signal transduction, which governs various vital biological processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. While previous studies have focused predominantly on abnormalities in lipid metabolism in chronic kidney disease, this review focuses on lipid metabolism anomalies in AKI. We explore the significance of lipid metabolism products as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and classification of AKI. Additionally, this review assesses current preclinical investigations on the modulation of lipid metabolism in the progression of AKI. Finally, on the basis of existing research, this review proposes future directions, highlights challenges, and presents novel targets and innovative ideas for the treatment of and intervention in AKI.