Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Chile.
Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional (CEMT), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2024 Sep 25;56(8):281. doi: 10.1007/s11250-024-04116-6.
Parasitic infections are among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in horses worldwide. In the Andean mountainous regions of Chile, horses are a highly valued specie, playing a key role as working animals also providing support in cattle transhumance grazing into high mountainous areas during dry season. The breeding and maintenance of horses in the mountainous region of La Araucanía in Chile is a key issue allowing to the subsistence economy of communities with a strong ethnic component represented by Mapuche-Pehuenche origin families. However, the health status of these animals is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine endoparasitic infections in horses from this area and the main factors that may influence parasitism. Thus, a cross-sectional study performed in 126 working horses from Andean region was achieved by using different coproparasitologycal analyses, resulting in a 97,6% of prevalence of endoparasitism with the strongyle eggs showing the highest prevalence of infection in analysed horses (96%) followed by Oxyuris equi (27%), Parascaris equorum (17,5%) and protozoans including ciliates (11,1%), Blastocystis spp (5,6%), Giardia spp (2,4%) and Cryptosporidium spp (1,6%) highlighting zoonotic relevance of some of these species. Concerning risk factors, the high prevalence suggests that exposure was high regardless of age or sex. The higher proportion of infected horses were grazing compared to those stabled, likewise drinking non-potable water, being these the main risks factors linked to the high prevalence of horse infections in Andean communities here studied.
寄生虫感染是全球马属动物发病和死亡的重要原因之一。在智利安第斯山区，马是一种非常有价值的物种，作为役畜发挥着关键作用，在旱季还为牛群向高山地区转移放牧提供支持。在智利拉阿劳卡尼亚山区饲养和维持马匹是一个关键问题，这使得以马普切-皮钦人为代表的具有强烈民族特色的社区得以维持生计。然而，这些动物的健康状况尚不清楚。因此，本研究的目的是确定该地区马属动物的内寄生虫感染情况以及可能影响寄生虫感染的主要因素。因此，对来自该地区的 126 匹役用马进行了横断面研究，采用了不同的粪便寄生虫学分析方法，结果显示内寄生虫感染率为 97.6%，其中强捻幼虫卵的感染率最高（96%），其次是马胃蝇幼虫（27%）、马副蛔虫（17.5%）和原虫包括纤毛虫（11.1%）、芽囊原虫属（5.6%）、贾第虫属（2.4%）和隐孢子虫属（1.6%），这突显了其中一些物种的人畜共患病相关性。关于风险因素，高感染率表明无论年龄或性别，暴露的风险都很高。与圈养的马相比，放牧的马感染的比例更高，同样，饮用非饮用水也是主要的风险因素，这与在本研究中所研究的安第斯社区中马感染的高流行率有关。
