Comparing the efficacy of heat-activated NiTi (HANT) versus conventional NiTi archwires: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the effectiveness of heat-activated NiTi (HANT) wires compared to NiTi wires during orthodontic alignment, through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

SEARCH METHODS

We comprehensively searched databases up to January 2024, including MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane's CENTRAL, without language or date restrictions.

SELECTION CRITERIA

Clinical studies aligning with the PICO question were included, and their bias risk was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

Data were collected using custom forms, and a meta-analysis was performed using random-effects inverse variance. Primary outcome was Little's Irregularity Index (LII) changes. Secondary outcomes were pain intensity and root resorption.

RESULTS

Thirteen clinical studies were reviewed, with nine included in the meta-analysis. No significant differences were observed in LII changes during the first four months, with similar findings in the first, second and third months. In the fourth month, NiTi wires exhibited higher reductions. Pain intensity did not differ between groups on the first or the seventh day. No significant difference in root resorption was found between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS

HANT and conventional NiTi wires showed comparable effectiveness in reducing LII, pain levels, and root resorption during the orthodontic alignment phase. While HANT wires may entail higher costs, their ease of insertion and ligation offer practical advantages. Ultimately, choosing between wire types should consider individual patient needs and clinician preferences.