Schmidhauser Noé R M M, Finsinger Walter, Cagliero Eleonora, Heiri Oliver
Geoecology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
J Paleolimnol. 2024;72(3):343-361. doi: 10.1007/s10933-024-00334-y. Epub 2024 Aug 6.
Lake Zminje Jezero (1535 m a.s.l.) in Montenegro was studied for chironomid and other aquatic invertebrate remains in a sediment sequence dating back to 12,000 calibrated C years before present (cal yr BP), providing, to our knowledge, the first lake-sediment record studied for chironomids and other associated chitinous aquatic invertebrate remains in the Dinaric Alps. Changes in chironomid and other invertebrate remains along the record make it possible to constrain changes of relevant environmental variables for aquatic invertebrates in the lake including temperature, oxygen availability, trophic status and water depth. The results suggest moderate changes in trophic conditions with chironomid assemblages indicating meso- to eutrophic conditions during the analysed interval. Invertebrate assemblages were typical for lakes with relatively high oxygen availability with a minor trend during the middle to late Holocene to conditions observed in lakes that are more hypoxic. A change in temperature is suggested in the earlier part of the record when the share of chironomid taxa adapted to warmer conditions increased, at the Younger Dryas to Holocene transition, whereas later no particularly pronounced shifts in temperature-sensitive taxa were observed. July air temperatures were estimated based on chironomid assemblages using a transfer function based on calibration data consisting of 117 lakes sampled in the Swiss Alps and northern Switzerland. The results suggest that temperatures rapidly increased by 5 °C at the onset of the Holocene (11,500 cal yr BP) leading to a relatively warm early to mid-Holocene and thereafter slightly decreased during the late Holocene. Reconstructed temperatures are discussed together with a previously published pollen record for our study site and are broadly consistent with other chironomid-based temperature reconstructions from Central, Eastern and Southern Europe. From ca. 3000 cal yr BP sedimentation rates increased and from ca. 500 cal yr BP onwards pollen data suggest that the vegetation and lake catchment were affected by human activities, possibly influencing chironomid and other invertebrate assemblages in the lake and thereby also reconstructed temperatures. Overall, our results show that combining analyses of chironomid and other invertebrate assemblages can provide valuable insights into long-term environmental changes and can provide temperature reconstructions for small mountain lakes in the Balkans, such as Zminje Jezero.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10933-024-00334-y.
对黑山的兹明杰湖（海拔1535米）进行了研究，分析了可追溯至距今12000年校准碳年（cal yr BP）的沉积物序列中的摇蚊及其他水生无脊椎动物残骸，据我们所知，这是在迪纳拉阿尔卑斯山首次对摇蚊及其他相关带壳水生无脊椎动物残骸进行的湖泊沉积物记录研究。记录中摇蚊及其他无脊椎动物残骸的变化使得限制该湖泊中水生无脊椎动物相关环境变量的变化成为可能，这些变量包括温度、氧气可利用性、营养状态和水深。结果表明营养条件有适度变化，摇蚊组合表明在分析区间内处于中营养到富营养状态。无脊椎动物组合是氧气可利用性相对较高的湖泊的典型组合，在全新世中期到晚期有轻微趋势向缺氧湖泊中观察到的条件转变。记录早期显示温度有变化，当时适应较温暖条件的摇蚊类群比例增加，即新仙女木期到全新世过渡时期，而后期未观察到对温度敏感类群有特别明显的变化。利用基于校准数据的转移函数，根据摇蚊组合估计了7月气温，校准数据由在瑞士阿尔卑斯山和瑞士北部采样的117个湖泊组成。结果表明，在全新世开始时（11500 cal yr BP）温度迅速上升了5°C，导致全新世早期到中期相对温暖，此后在全新世晚期略有下降。将重建的温度与之前发表的我们研究地点的花粉记录一起进行了讨论，并且与中欧、东欧和南欧其他基于摇蚊的温度重建大致一致。从约3000 cal yr BP开始沉积速率增加，从约500 cal yr BP起花粉数据表明植被和湖泊集水区受到人类活动影响，可能影响了湖泊中的摇蚊及其他无脊椎动物组合，从而也影响了重建的温度。总体而言，我们的结果表明，结合摇蚊和其他无脊椎动物组合的分析可以为长期环境变化提供有价值的见解，并可以为巴尔干地区的小型山区湖泊（如兹明杰湖）提供温度重建。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s10933-024-00334-y获取的补充材料。
