Highly efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate via KOH-activated Fe@NC for the degradation of bisphenol A.

In this study, the KOH-modified Fe-ZIF-derived carbon materials (Fe@NC-KOH-x) were designed for Fenton-like systems to enhance bisphenol A (BPA) removal from wastewater. Compared with the Fe@NC without KOH activation, the pore structure, BET (Brunner-Emmet-Teller) surface area, and oxygen-containing functional group of KOH-activated Fe@NC-KOH-x are dramatically improved, which increases the adsorption and catalytic performance. The Fe@NC-KOH-900/PMS system showed significant BPA removal reactivity across wide pH ranges and low doses of Fe@NC-KOH-900. Interestingly, our findings indicated that the removal effectiveness of BPA improved when PMS was introduced following the saturation adsorption of Fe@NC-KOH-x, as compared to the simultaneous introduction of Fe@NC-KOH-x and PMS. More particularly, through regression analysis, we found that the proportion of reactive species in the Fe@NC-KOH-x/PMS system changes with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, and there was a certain relationship between structure-function and active species in the Fe@NC-KOH-x/PMS system. O-C = O, Fe-N, C-O, and pyrrolic N in Fe@NC-KOH-x lead to the generation of •OH, and SO, C = O, Fe-N, and defect are closely related to Fe = O, and the formation of O is affected by Fe-N, graphite N, C = O, and defect. Also, the density functional theory (DFT) calculation and the potential correlation between catalyst active centers and reactive oxygen species indicate that Fe-N is the main active site of Fe@NC-KOH-x. These outcomes of the study offer an innovation for enhanced elimination of BPA in wastewater treatment and provide a dynamic understanding of the mechanism of BPA degradation.