Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
J Nutr. 2024 Nov;154(11):3312-3322. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.022. Epub 2024 Sep 25.
Chicken may be enriched with 25-hydroxy D [25(OH)D] and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to enhance the dietary intake of the public.
Two experiments (Expt.) were conducted to determine the potential and metabolic impacts of enriching both DHA and 25(OH)D in the tissues of broiler chickens.
In Expt. 1, 144 chicks (6 cages/treatment and 6 birds/cage) were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet (BD), BD + 10,000 IU 25(OH)D/kg [BD + 25(OH)D], BD + 1% DHA-rich Aurantiochytrium (1.2 g DHA/kg; BD + DHA), or BD + 25(OH)D+DHA for 6 wk. In Expt. 2, 180 chicks were fed the BD, BD + DHA-rich microalgal oil (1.5-3.0 g DHA/kg, BD + DHA), BD + DHA + eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-rich microalgae (0.3-0.6 g EPA/kg, BD + DHA + EPA), BD + DHA + 25(OH)D [6000 to 12,000 IU/kg diet; BD + DHA + 25(OH)D], and BD + DHA + EPA + 25(OH)D for 6 wk.
Supranutrition of these 2 nutrients resulted in 57-62 mg DHA and 1.9-3.3 μg of 25(OH)D/100 g of breast or thigh muscles. The DHA enrichment was independent of dietary EPA or 25(OH)D, but that of 25(OH)D in the liver was decreased (68%, P < 0.05) by dietary DHA in Expt. 1. Compared with BD, BD + 25(OH)D enhanced (P < 0.05) gene expression related to D absorption (scavenger receptor class B type 1 and Niemann-pick c1 like 1) in the liver and D degradation (cytochrome P450 24A1) in the breast, and decreased mRNA or protein concentrations of vitamin D binding protein in the adipose tissue or thigh muscle. Supranutrition of DHA decreased mRNA concentrations of lipid metabolism-related genes (fatty acid desaturase 1,2, ELOVL fatty acid elongase 5, fatty acid desaturase 2, fatty acid synthase, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1).
Both DHA and 25(OH)D were enriched in the muscles up to meeting 50%-100% of the suggested intakes of these nutrients by consuming 2 servings of 100 g of fortified chicken. The enrichments altered gene expression related to lipid biosynthesis and vitamin D transport or storage.
可以在鸡饲料中添加 25- 羟基维生素 D[25（OH）D]和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），以增加公众对这些营养物质的膳食摄入量。
本研究进行了两项实验（实验 1 和实验 2），以确定在肉鸡组织中同时富集 DHA 和 25（OH）D 的潜力和代谢影响。
在实验 1 中，将 144 只小鸡（6 个笼/处理，6 只鸡/笼）分别饲喂玉米-豆粕基础日粮（BD）、BD+10,000 IU 25（OH）D/kg[BD+25（OH）D]、BD+1%富含 DHA 的雨生红球藻（1.2 g DHA/kg；BD+DHA）或 BD+25（OH）D+DHA 6 周。在实验 2 中，将 180 只小鸡饲喂 BD、BD+富含 DHA 的微藻油（1.5-3.0 g DHA/kg，BD+DHA）、BD+富含二十碳五烯酸（EPA）的微藻（0.3-0.6 g EPA/kg，BD+DHA+EPA）、BD+DHA+25（OH）D[6000-12000 IU/kg 日粮；BD+DHA+25（OH）D]和 BD+DHA+EPA+25（OH）D6 周。
这两种营养素的超营养添加使胸肌或腿肌中 DHA 含量增加 57-62 mg/100 g，25（OH）D 含量增加 1.9-3.3 μg/100 g。DHA 富集不依赖于膳食 EPA 或 25（OH）D，但在实验 1 中，肝脏中 25（OH）D 的富集因膳食 DHA 而减少（68%，P<0.05）。与 BD 相比，BD+25（OH）D 增强了（P<0.05）肝脏中与 D 吸收（清道夫受体 B 类 1 型和尼曼-匹克 C1 样 1）相关的基因表达，并降低了脂肪组织或大腿肌肉中维生素 D 结合蛋白的 mRNA 或蛋白浓度。DHA 的超营养添加降低了与脂质代谢相关基因（脂肪酸去饱和酶 1、2、ELOVL 脂肪酸延长酶 5、脂肪酸去饱和酶 2、脂肪酸合酶和固醇调节元件结合蛋白 1）的 mRNA 浓度。
通过食用 2 份 100 g 强化鸡肉，可使肌肉中 DHA 和 25（OH）D 的含量分别富集至满足这些营养素建议摄入量的 50%-100%。这种富集改变了与脂质生物合成和维生素 D 转运或储存相关的基因表达。
