Yamada Masahiro, Saemi Esmaeel, Delfi Shadi, Afrash Sana
The Department of Kinesiology, Whittier College, CA, USA.
Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
Psychol Sport Exerc. 2025 Jan;76:102745. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102745. Epub 2024 Sep 25.
External focus of attention (EFOA) has been shown to improve motor performance relative to internal focus of attention (IFOA). Recently, studies have shown that this attentional focus effect may depend upon an individual difference (i.e., motor imagery): Those with a higher ability to visualize movements benefited more from EFOA, and those with a higher ability to feel movements benefited more from IFOA. However, inconsistent findings exist, potentially due to underpowered studies with various potential biases. Thus, leveraging a registered report and single-blind procedure, we will examine the effect of EFOA and IFOA on dart-throwing performance and how the attentional focus could be altered based on individuals' imagery dominance. Participants will complete a dart-throw task with EFOA and IFOA. Then, participants will complete practice trials with no attentional focus, which will be followed by another set of performance trials with EFOA and IFOA. This study will examine whether the effect of attentional focus instruction will persist in a single-blind study and explore its effect on imagery dominance.
与内部注意力焦点（IFOA）相比，外部注意力焦点（EFOA）已被证明能改善运动表现。最近，研究表明这种注意力焦点效应可能取决于个体差异（即运动想象）：那些具有较高运动可视化能力的人从EFOA中受益更多，而那些具有较高运动感觉能力的人从IFOA中受益更多。然而，存在不一致的研究结果，这可能是由于研究样本量不足以及存在各种潜在偏差。因此，利用一项预注册报告和单盲程序，我们将研究EFOA和IFOA对掷飞镖表现的影响，以及注意力焦点如何根据个体的想象优势而改变。参与者将在EFOA和IFOA条件下完成一项掷飞镖任务。然后，参与者将在无注意力焦点的情况下完成练习试验，并在此之后进行另一组在EFOA和IFOA条件下的表现试验。本研究将考察注意力焦点指令的效果在单盲研究中是否会持续存在，并探索其对想象优势的影响。
