Department of Dance, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, 263 Dance Building, 325 Sanford Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 4077625 , Ariel, Israel.
Exp Brain Res. 2021 Jun;239(6):1687-1699. doi: 10.1007/s00221-021-06126-4. Epub 2021 May 16.
Focus of attention (FOA) has been shown to affect human motor performance. Research into FOA has mainly posited it as either external or internal to-the-body (EFOA and IFOA, respectively). However, this binary paradigm overlooks the dynamic interactions among the individual, the task, and the environment, which are core to many disciplines, including dance. This paper reviews the comparative effects of EFOA and IFOA on human motor performance. Next, it identifies challenges within this EFOA-IFOA binary paradigm at the conceptual, definitional, and functional levels, which could lead to misinterpretation of research findings thus impeding current understanding of FOA. Building on these challenges and in effort to expand the current paradigm into a non-binary one, it offers an additional FOA category-dynamic interactive FOA-which highlights the dynamic interactions existing between EFOA and IFOA. Mental imagery is then proposed as a suitable approach for separately studying the different FOA subtypes. Lastly, clinical and research applications of a dynamic interactive FOA perspective for a wide range of domains, from motor rehabilitation to sports and dance performance enhancement, are discussed.
注意力焦点（FOA）已被证明会影响人类的运动表现。对 FOA 的研究主要假设它是外部的或指向身体内部的（分别为 EFOA 和 IFOA）。然而，这种二元范式忽略了个体、任务和环境之间的动态相互作用，而这些相互作用是许多学科的核心，包括舞蹈。本文回顾了 EFOA 和 IFOA 对人类运动表现的比较影响。接下来，它在概念、定义和功能层面上确定了这个 EFOA-IFOA 二元范式内的挑战，这些挑战可能导致对研究结果的误解，从而阻碍对 FOA 的当前理解。基于这些挑战，并努力将当前范式扩展为非二元范式，它提出了一个额外的 FOA 类别——动态交互 FOA——突出了 EFOA 和 IFOA 之间存在的动态相互作用。然后提出心理意象是分别研究不同 FOA 亚型的合适方法。最后，讨论了动态交互 FOA 视角在从运动康复到体育和舞蹈表演增强等广泛领域的临床和研究应用。
