Wang Honglei, Ren Yingda, Yang Kunde
School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 27;14(1):22075. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72036-4.
Electromagnetic (EM) waves are one of the important carriers for information exchange in seawater. The EM parameters of seawater are important factors that affect the performance of EM wave propagation. In the real marine environment, non-constant EM parameters make it impossible to consider seawater as a homogeneous media in the model. However, there are few targeted analyses in the existing studies. In this paper, an N-layered media model was established to investigate the influence of non-constant EM parameters on EM wave propagation in seawater. A direct global matrix method is proposed to solve the EM fields, whose result accuracy does not decrease with the increasing number of layers. The necessity and correctness of the model and methods are verified through numerical simulations and sea experiments. Combined with the existing marine environment database, the propagation characteristics of EM waves in different EM parameter profiles of seawater were analyzed through numerical experiments. The results indicated that the non-homogeneous seawater has a great impact on the intensity, phase, change rate, and spatial distribution of EM waves. Furthermore, the influence is not only reflected in the underwater EM field but also in the air and increases with frequency.
电磁波是海水中信息交换的重要载体之一。海水的电磁参数是影响电磁波传播性能的重要因素。在实际海洋环境中，电磁参数的非恒定使得在模型中无法将海水视为均匀介质。然而，现有研究中针对性的分析较少。本文建立了一个N层介质模型，以研究非恒定电磁参数对海水中电磁波传播的影响。提出了一种直接全局矩阵法来求解电磁场，其结果精度不会随着层数的增加而降低。通过数值模拟和海上实验验证了模型和方法的必要性和正确性。结合现有的海洋环境数据库，通过数值实验分析了电磁波在不同电磁参数剖面海水中的传播特性。结果表明，非均匀海水对电磁波的强度、相位、变化率和空间分布有很大影响。此外，这种影响不仅体现在水下电磁场中，也体现在空气中，并且随频率增加而增大。
