Czarnobilska Maria, Bulanda Małgorzata, Czarnobilska Ewa, Dyga Wojciech, Mazur Marcel
Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta St. 18, 31-121 Krakow, Poland.
Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Botaniczna St. 3, 31-501 Krakow, Poland.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Sep 13;14(18):2036. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14182036.
The diagnosis of drug-induced anaphylaxis (DIA) is a serious health problem. The Basophil activation test (BAT) is considered a specific in vitro provocation, and compared to in vivo provocation, it is more convenient, cheaper, and safer for the patient. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the BAT in the diagnosis of DIA. This study included 150 patients referred to a reference allergy clinic with suspected drug allergies. All patients underwent a detailed clinical evaluation supplemented with the BAT. Positive BAT results were obtained in two out of 21 patients who were to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. The sensitivity and specificity of the BAT were 40% and 75% for the COVID-19 vaccine, 67% and 58% for DMG PEG 2000, and 100% and 75% for PEG 4000, respectively. Nine out of 34 patients with suspected antibiotic allergies had positive BAT results with 14 different antibiotics. Positive BAT results were also obtained with NSAIDs in two patients and with local anesthetics in three patients. The confirmation of allergy by the BAT improves the safety profile of the diagnostic work-up as it may defer the need for drug provocation, preventing potential anaphylactic reactions.
药物性过敏反应（DIA）的诊断是一个严重的健康问题。嗜碱性粒细胞活化试验（BAT）被认为是一种特异性的体外激发试验，与体内激发试验相比，它对患者来说更方便、更便宜且更安全。本研究旨在评估BAT在DIA诊断中的实用性。本研究纳入了150名因疑似药物过敏而转诊至参考过敏诊所的患者。所有患者均接受了详细的临床评估并辅以BAT。在21名即将接种新冠疫苗的患者中，有2名患者BAT结果呈阳性。对于新冠疫苗，BAT的敏感性和特异性分别为40%和75%；对于二甲基硅油聚乙二醇2000（DMG PEG 2000），分别为67%和58%；对于聚乙二醇4000（PEG 4000），分别为100%和75%。在34名疑似抗生素过敏的患者中，有9名患者对14种不同抗生素的BAT结果呈阳性。在2名患者中，非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）的BAT结果呈阳性，在3名患者中，局部麻醉药的BAT结果呈阳性。BAT对过敏的确认改善了诊断检查的安全性，因为它可能推迟药物激发试验的需要，防止潜在的过敏反应。
