Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
Allergy. 2022 Oct;77(10):2924-2936. doi: 10.1111/all.15278. Epub 2022 Mar 25.
The worldwide use of COVID-19 vaccines has shown that immediate allergic reactions to the ingredients are rare but should be clarified by means of an allergological work-up. This review aims to highlight the current state of knowledge and possible pathogenesis based on the literature published to date. In addition to recording a detailed history and performing skin tests, cellular tests (basophil activation or basophil histamine release test) by using the vaccines or modified compounds containing polyethylene glycol (PEG), rather than unmodified PEGs, have proven to be particularly helpful. Negative results with vaccines seem to indicate tolerance. Details of the performance of these cellular tests with different vaccines, PEGs of different molecular weights, other ingredients of the vaccines, as well as other PEGylated drugs, and the results in the context of COVID-19 vaccination of various working groups worldwide are summarized.
目前，全球范围内都在使用 COVID-19 疫苗，结果表明，疫苗的成分会导致速发型过敏反应十分罕见，但需要通过过敏反应检测来明确诊断。本综述旨在基于现有文献，重点介绍目前的知识状态和可能的发病机制。除了详细记录病史和进行皮肤测试外，使用疫苗或含有聚乙二醇（PEG）的改良化合物（而非未经修饰的 PEG）进行细胞测试（嗜碱性粒细胞激活或嗜碱性粒细胞组胺释放试验）也被证明特别有帮助。疫苗检测呈阴性结果似乎表明存在免疫耐受。不同疫苗、不同分子量的 PEG、疫苗的其他成分以及其他聚乙二醇化药物的这些细胞检测的性能细节，以及在全球范围内不同工作组的 COVID-19 疫苗接种背景下的结果，都进行了总结。
