Grajczyk Alicja, Sobczyk Krystyna, Dżaman Karolina
Department of Otolaryngology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2024 Sep 14;14(18):2044. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14182044.
(1) Background: Estrogen and progesterone, hormones specific to females, undergo fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. The aim of this study was to assess subjective and objective changes in nasal cavity and Eustachian tube patency depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle in two groups of women: those in a follicular phase group and those in a luteal phase group. (2) Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 25 healthy non-pregnant women aged 24 to 32. Based on the phase of the cycle confirmed in sonography, they were divided into follicular phase (FP) and luteal phase (LP) groups. The Eustachian tube and nasal cavity patency examination was carried out using a SNOT-22 Questionnaire, a rhinomanometer, and a tympanometer. (3) Results: We observed that the incidence of nasal obstruction in SNOT-22 was significantly dependent on the cycle phase ( = 0.012) and was lower in the FP compared to the LP. Similar relationships were noticed between the cycle phase and the rhinomanometry outcome, where the LP was associated with a lower flow. We also revealed that the incidence of ear blockage significantly depended on the cycle phase ( = 0.001) and was lower in the FP compared to the LP. Women whose nasal patency deteriorated during the LP also had more negative pressure values in tympanometry. We observed that patients with negative PEAK L and R levels had a lower flow in rhinomanometry. (4) Conclusions: The results highlight the menstrual cycle's substantial impact on both subjective and objective nasal and Eustachian tube patency measurements. The novel finding in this study is that women whose nasal patency deteriorated during the luteal phase also had more negative pressure values in tympanometry. These results suggest that the deterioration of hearing during the menstrual cycle could be a result of swelling of the nasal mucosa and tubes.
(1) 背景：雌激素和孕激素是女性特有的激素，在月经周期中会发生波动。本研究的目的是评估两组女性（卵泡期组和黄体期组）鼻腔和咽鼓管通畅度的主观和客观变化，这些变化取决于月经周期的阶段。(2) 材料和方法：研究组由25名年龄在24至32岁之间的健康未孕女性组成。根据超声检查确定的周期阶段，她们被分为卵泡期（FP）组和黄体期（LP）组。使用SNOT-22问卷、鼻阻力计和鼓室导抗仪进行咽鼓管和鼻腔通畅度检查。(3) 结果：我们观察到，SNOT-22中鼻塞的发生率显著取决于周期阶段（P = 0.012），并且卵泡期的发生率低于黄体期。在周期阶段和鼻阻力测量结果之间也发现了类似的关系，其中黄体期与较低的气流相关。我们还发现耳堵塞的发生率显著取决于周期阶段（P = 0.001），并且卵泡期的发生率低于黄体期。在黄体期鼻腔通畅度恶化的女性在鼓室导抗测量中也有更多的负压值。我们观察到PEAK L和R水平为负的患者在鼻阻力测量中的气流较低。(4) 结论：结果突出了月经周期对鼻腔和咽鼓管通畅度主观和客观测量的重大影响。本研究的新发现是，在黄体期鼻腔通畅度恶化的女性在鼓室导抗测量中也有更多的负压值。这些结果表明，月经周期中听力下降可能是鼻黏膜和咽鼓管肿胀的结果。
