Department of Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Sep 6;60(9):1462. doi: 10.3390/medicina60091462.
The aim was to compare the activity of the masseter muscles in children with different types of breathing. A cross-sectional study was conducted including patients aged 6-12 years with mixed dentition, who came for oral care at the Master's Degree in Pediatric Dentistry program at the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample was divided into three groups: nasal breathers without dental alterations (control group), oral breathers with dental malocclusion, and oral breathers with previous orthodontic treatment. An electromyography was performed, and statistic methods were conducted with a 95% confidence to contrast hypothesis. A total of 122 children were analyzed and distributed into three groups. The electrical muscle activity of masseters was significantly different between the study groups ( < 0.001 for all comparisons). Pairwise comparisons revealed a significantly higher electrical muscle activity in the control group (nasal breathers) during chewing compared to both groups of oral breathers ( < 0.001 for both comparisons). Orthodontic treatment decreased electrical muscle activity during isometric contraction in oral breathers compared to nasal breathers ( < 0.001), but did not significantly affect electrical muscle activity during chewing. Higher decompensation values were obtained in oral breathers without previous orthodontic treatment compared the other study groups ( < 0.001 for both comparisons), although electrical muscle activity values were similar in both groups of oral breathers ( > 0.05 for both comparisons). Differences in electrical muscle activity between nasal and oral breathers can be confirmed. Oral breathers with and without orthodontic treatment showed lower electrical muscle activity of masseters during chewing than nasal breathers, while at isometric contraction, only oral breathers with previous orthodontic treatment showed lower electrical activity. Higher decompensation values were found in oral breathers without previous orthodontic treatment, in comparison to the control group and oral breathers with previous orthodontic treatment.
目的在于比较不同呼吸类型儿童的咀嚼肌活动。一项横断面研究纳入了年龄在 6-12 岁、混合牙列期、因口腔问题来马德里 Complutense 大学（UCM）口腔医学硕士项目就诊的患者。根据纳入和排除标准，样本被分为三组：无牙颌畸形的鼻呼吸者（对照组）、有牙颌畸形的口呼吸者和有正畸治疗史的口呼吸者。进行肌电图检查，并采用 95%置信区间进行统计方法对比假设。共分析了 122 名儿童，并将其分为三组。研究组间咀嚼时咀嚼肌的肌电活动有显著差异（所有比较均 < 0.001）。两两比较显示，对照组（鼻呼吸者）咀嚼时的肌电活动明显高于两组口呼吸者（两者比较均 < 0.001）。与鼻呼吸者相比，正畸治疗对口呼吸者的等长收缩时的肌电活动有降低作用（ < 0.001），但对口呼吸者咀嚼时的肌电活动无显著影响。与其他研究组相比，无正畸治疗史的口呼吸者获得了更高的代偿值（两者比较均 < 0.001），但两组口呼吸者的肌电活动值相似（两者比较均 > 0.05）。可以确认鼻呼吸者和口呼吸者之间的肌电活动存在差异。有正畸治疗史和无正畸治疗史的口呼吸者咀嚼时的咀嚼肌肌电活动均低于鼻呼吸者，而在等长收缩时，只有有正畸治疗史的口呼吸者的肌电活动较低。与对照组和有正畸治疗史的口呼吸者相比，无正畸治疗史的口呼吸者的代偿值更高。
