Trematerra Pasquale, Colacci Marco, Messia Maria Cristina, Trivisonno Maria Carmela, Reale Anna, Boscaino Floriana, Germinara Giacinto Salvatore
Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy.
Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Via Roma 64, I-83100 Avellino, Italy.
Insects. 2024 Aug 25;15(9):634. doi: 10.3390/insects15090634.
The behavioural response of adult maize weevil, , to different types of semolina pasta enriched or not enriched with increasing proportions (5%, 10%, and 15%) of house cricket () powder was investigated in olfactometer arena bioassays by using trap devices. In the five-choice behavioural bioassays, the number of adults attracted to 100% durum wheat semolina pasta was significantly higher than those attracted to the other pasta types enriched with powder. In the two-choice behavioural bioassays, the Response Index for each pasta type was positive and significant. However, although not significant, there was a progressive reduction in the Response Index as the cricket powder content increased. In similar experiments, there were no significant differences between cricket powder alone and the control in the number of attracted , indicating a neutral effect towards insects. These observations suggest that the lower attractiveness of pasta enriched with house cricket powder is mainly due to the masking of host food odours. Solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy identified a total of 18 compounds in the head-space samples of the different types of pasta, highlighting differences in volatile composition. Some volatile compounds were only present in the pasta produced with cricket powder. In particular, 1-octen-3-ol and phenol were present in the samples containing 5%, 10%, or 15% cricket powder; pentanal, benzaldehyde, and dimethyl disulphide were present in samples containing 10% or 15% cricket powder; and 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine was present in the sample containing 15% cricket powder. Further investigation with individual compounds and mixtures is needed to define the chemical basis of the differences in the insect olfactory preference observed in this study.
在嗅觉仪实验场生物测定中，使用诱捕装置研究了成年玉米象对不同类型的粗粒小麦粉意大利面（添加或未添加比例不断增加的（5%、10%和15%）家蟋蟀粉）的行为反应。在五选行为生物测定中，被100%硬质小麦粗粒小麦粉意大利面吸引的成年玉米象数量显著高于被其他添加蟋蟀粉的意大利面类型吸引的数量。在二选行为生物测定中，每种意大利面类型的反应指数均为正值且显著。然而，尽管不显著，但随着蟋蟀粉含量的增加，反应指数呈逐渐下降趋势。在类似实验中，单独的蟋蟀粉和对照在吸引的玉米象数量上没有显著差异，表明对昆虫有中性影响。这些观察结果表明，添加家蟋蟀粉的意大利面吸引力较低主要是由于宿主食物气味被掩盖。固相微萃取与气相色谱 - 质谱联用在不同类型意大利面的顶空样品中总共鉴定出18种化合物，突出了挥发性成分的差异。一些挥发性化合物仅存在于用蟋蟀粉制作的意大利面中。特别是，1 - 辛烯 - 3 - 醇和苯酚存在于含有5%、10%或15%蟋蟀粉的样品中；戊醛、苯甲醛和二甲基二硫化物存在于含有10%或15%蟋蟀粉的样品中；2,5 - 二甲基吡嗪存在于含有15%蟋蟀粉的样品中。需要对单个化合物和混合物进行进一步研究，以确定本研究中观察到的昆虫嗅觉偏好差异的化学基础。
