Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China.
Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-Grain Feed Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Sep 19;25(18):10055. doi: 10.3390/ijms251810055.
Sexual maturation in goats is a dynamic process regulated precisely by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and is essential for reproduction. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in this process and is the control center of the reproductive activity. It is significant to study the molecular mechanisms in the hypothalamus regulating sexual maturation in goats. We analyzed the serum hormone profiles and hypothalamic mRNA expression profiles of female goats during sexual development (1 day old (neonatal, D1, n = 5), 2 months old (prepuberty, M2, n = 5), 4 months old (sexual maturity, M4, n = 5), and 6 months old (breeding period, M6, n = 5)). The results indicated that from D1 to M6, serum hormone levels, including FSH, LH, progesterone, estradiol, IGF1, and leptin, exhibited an initial increase followed by a decline, peaking at M4. Furthermore, we identified a total of 508 differentially expressed genes in the hypothalamus, with a total of four distinct expression patterns. Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 () may contribute to hormone secretion, energy metabolism, and signal transduction during goat sexual maturation via circadian rhythm regulation, ECM receptor interactions, neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, and Wnt signaling pathways. This investigation offers novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing the hypothalamic regulation of goat sexual maturation.
山羊的性成熟是一个由下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴精确调控的动态过程，对繁殖至关重要。下丘脑在这个过程中起着关键作用，是生殖活动的控制中心。研究下丘脑调节山羊性成熟的分子机制具有重要意义。我们分析了性发育过程中（1 天龄（新生，D1，n=5）、2 月龄（青春期前，M2，n=5）、4 月龄（性成熟，M4，n=5）和 6 月龄（繁殖期，M6，n=5））雌性山羊的血清激素谱和下丘脑 mRNA 表达谱。结果表明，从 D1 到 M6，血清激素水平（包括 FSH、LH、孕酮、雌二醇、IGF1 和瘦素）呈先升高后降低的趋势，在 M4 时达到峰值。此外，我们在下丘脑共鉴定出 508 个差异表达基因，总共有四种不同的表达模式。核受体亚家族 1，D 组，成员 1（）、胰高血糖素样肽 1 受体（）和促性腺激素释放激素 1（）可能通过昼夜节律调节、细胞外基质受体相互作用、神经活性配体-受体相互作用和 Wnt 信号通路，在山羊性成熟过程中对激素分泌、能量代谢和信号转导起作用。这项研究为下丘脑调节山羊性成熟的分子机制提供了新的见解。
