Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang, P. R. China.
Anim Biotechnol. 2023 Dec;34(8):4135-4146. doi: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2199500. Epub 2023 Apr 11.
Colostrum contains large number of nutrients that promote the growth, differentiation, and biological functions for goat kids early somatic cells, which is crucial to meet the nutritional demands, immune function, and the health of goat kids later growth. Great attention has been given not only to nutritional ingredient differences between colostrum and normal milk, but also to function differences, and their effect on the physical and sensory properties of goat kid's growth performance and health status. This paper reviews the research progress of goat colostrum in recent years, mainly including the colostrum yield, components, i.e., proteins, lactose, and immunoglobulin, as well as the influence factor, i.e., number of lactation and littler size, nutrition during the gestation, and breeding environment. In addition, this review aims to summarize the synthesis and secretion mechanisms, and the digestion and absorption mechanism of goat colostrum. We conclude that even though the composition and physicochemical properties of goat colostrum are highly dynamic and variable, and the digestion and absorption mechanism has not been made fully clear until now, direct feed microbial (DFM) may be a promising alternative for improving the quality of colostrum that should be further explored for their practical usage.
初乳含有大量的营养物质，促进了山羊幼仔早期体细胞的生长、分化和生物学功能，这对于满足幼仔的营养需求、免疫功能和后期生长健康至关重要。人们不仅关注初乳和正常奶之间的营养成分差异，还关注功能差异及其对幼仔生长性能和健康状况的物理和感官特性的影响。本文综述了近年来山羊初乳的研究进展，主要包括初乳产量、成分（蛋白质、乳糖和免疫球蛋白）以及影响因素（泌乳次数和产仔数、妊娠期营养和繁殖环境）。此外，本综述还旨在总结山羊初乳的合成和分泌机制以及消化吸收机制。我们得出结论，尽管山羊初乳的组成和理化性质高度动态和可变，并且其消化吸收机制尚未完全阐明，但直接饲喂微生物（DFM）可能是改善初乳质量的一种有前途的替代方法，值得进一步探索其实际用途。
