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基于蓝牙低功耗和LoRa通信技术的多跳集群式农业物联网硬件开发与评估

Hardware Development and Evaluation of Multihop Cluster-Based Agricultural IoT Based on Bluetooth Low-Energy and LoRa Communication Technologies.

作者信息

Effah Emmanuel, Ghartey George, Aidoo Joshua Kweku, Thiare Ousmane

机构信息

Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa P.O. Box 237, Ghana.

Department of Informatics, Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis PB 234, Senegal.

出版信息

Sensors (Basel). 2024 Sep 21;24(18):6113. doi: 10.3390/s24186113.

DOI:10.3390/s24186113
PMID:39338858
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11435593/
Abstract

In this paper, we present the development and evaluation of a contextually relevant, cost-effective, multihop cluster-based agricultural Internet of Things (MCA-IoT) network. This network utilizes commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) and LoRa communication technologies, along with the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ (RPi 3 B+), to address the challenges of climate change-induced global food insecurity in smart farming applications. Employing the lean engineering design approach, we initially implemented a centralized cluster-based agricultural IoT (CA-IoT) hardware testbed incorporating BLE, RPi 3 B+, STEMMA soil moisture sensors, UM25 m, and LoPy low-power Wi-Fi modules. This system was subsequently adapted and refined to assess the performance of the MCA-IoT network. This study offers a comprehensive reference on the novel, location-independent MCA-IoT technology, including detailed design and deployment insights for the agricultural IoT (Agri-IoT) community. The proposed solution demonstrated favorable performance in indoor and outdoor environments, particularly in water-stressed regions of Northern Ghana. Performance evaluations revealed that the MCA-IoT technology is easy to deploy and manage by users with limited expertise, is location-independent, robust, energy-efficient for battery operation, and scalable in terms of task and size, thereby providing a versatile range of measurements for future applications. Our results further demonstrated that the most effective approach to utilizing existing IoT-based communication technologies within a typical farming context in sub-Saharan Africa is to integrate them.

摘要

在本文中，我们介绍了一种基于上下文相关、具有成本效益、基于多跳集群的农业物联网（MCA-IoT）网络的开发与评估。该网络利用商用现货（COTS）蓝牙低功耗（BLE）和LoRa通信技术，以及树莓派3 B+型号（RPi 3 B+），以应对智能农业应用中气候变化引发的全球粮食不安全挑战。采用精益工程设计方法，我们最初实现了一个基于集中式集群的农业物联网（CA-IoT）硬件测试平台，该平台集成了BLE、RPi 3 B+、STEMMA土壤湿度传感器、UM25 m和LoPy低功耗Wi-Fi模块。该系统随后经过调整和优化，以评估MCA-IoT网络的性能。本研究为新颖的、与位置无关的MCA-IoT技术提供了全面参考，包括为农业物联网（Agri-IoT）社区提供详细的设计和部署见解。所提出的解决方案在室内和室外环境中表现出良好性能，特别是在加纳北部水资源紧张的地区。性能评估表明，MCA-IoT技术易于由专业知识有限的用户进行部署和管理，与位置无关，坚固耐用，适合电池供电的节能型应用，并且在任务和规模方面具有可扩展性，从而为未来应用提供了广泛的测量手段。我们的结果进一步表明，在撒哈拉以南非洲典型的农业环境中，利用现有基于物联网的通信技术的最有效方法是将它们集成起来。

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